14 research outputs found
Apresiasi Masyarakat Terhadap Tari Olang-Olang Di Desa Mandi Angin Kecamatan Minas Kabupaten Siak
No full textThe purpose of the study was to determine the community’s appreciation of the Olang-olang dance in Minas sub-district, Siak district, this study used researchdescriptive by using qualitative methods. The collection technique used is non participant observation. The interview conducted was a structured interview, namely an interview in the form of directed questions and answers to collect some date that was examined structured interviews were used as a data collection techbique. If the researcher or data collection has known with certainty about the information what will be obtained. The researcher used structured interviews, the interviews were arranged in the form of question that were quite clear and very complete. And while the documentation that the researchers got was in the form of photos of people watching the olang-olang dance. The subjects in this study were 9 people, namely: 1 chairman, Mr. Darus, 1 Darsat. 1 vowed musicians Khairul. 6 people Busli,Miftahul, Syukri,Riki,Kevin, dan Leman. This olang-olang dance is a dance used by the Minas community, especially the Mandi Anginvillage with a medicinal dance, the community believes that if there is a family who is sick, first aid is a shaman or called bomo. The local community responds well about the arts that exist in their community, the results of the research that the author conducted show the custums and cultural values in the olang-olang dance in the Minas community, Mandi Angin village
Benefits of Shirodkar Stitch in Women with Failed McDonald Stitch
No full textThis is a case series presentation of 14 cases where Shirodkar stitch was inserted after failed McDonald stitch. The patients were either self referrals or from Obstetricians in Eastern Africa region. All the patients were able to carry the pregnancies to term and were delivered by Caesarean section. The findings show that Shirodkar stitch has a place in management of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss. There is need to familiarise obstetricians on the insertion of Shirodkar stitch
Maternal hypotension and neonatal acidemia during Caeserean delivery under spinal anaesthesia
No full textObjectives: To determine the incidence of neonatal acidaemia following delivery through caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia and determine the prevalence of maternal hypotension during Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia and its correlation with neonatal acidaemia.Design: Prospective observational studySetting: Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya.Subjects: One hundred and seventy-two ASA I and II consecutive term patients undergoing elective Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesiaResults: Forty three babies (27.2%) were born with neonatal acidaemia, defined as umbilical arterial blood pH≤ 7.2. There was, however, no significant difference in the five minute Apgar scores between the acidotic and non-acidotic neonates. Twenty eight patients (17.7%) developed maternal hypotension (systolic Blood Pressure less than 100mmHg). The hypotension was readily corrected within two minutes (mean of 1.43 minutes) of onset using vasopressors and boluses of intravenous fluids.Conclusions: A short period (<2 minutes) mean of 1.43 minutes of maternal hypotension has no significant effect on the neonate as assessed by five minute Apgar Scores. Similarly, neonatal acidaemia following Caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia does not seem to have any short-term effects on neonatal well-being
Maternal hypotension and neonatal acidemia during Caeserean delivery under spinal anaesthesia
No full textObjectives: To determine the incidence of neonatal acidaemia following delivery through caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia and determine the prevalence of maternal hypotension during Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia and its correlation with neonatal acidaemia.
Design: Prospective observational study
Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya.
Subjects: One hundred and seventy-two ASA I and II consecutive term patients undergoing elective Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia
Results: Forty three babies (27.2%) were born with neonatal acidaemia, defined as umbilical arterial blood pH≤ 7.2. There was, however, no significant difference in the five minute Apgar scores between the acidotic and non-acidotic neonates. Twenty eight patients (17.7%) developed maternal hypotension (systolic Blood Pressure less than 100mmHg). The hypotension was readily corrected within two minutes (mean of 1.43 minutes) of onset using vasopressors and boluses of intravenous fluids.
Conclusions: A short period (<2 minutes) mean of 1.43 minutes of maternal hypotension has no significant effect on the neonate as assessed by five minute Apgar Scores. Similarly, neonatal acidaemia following Caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia does not seem to have any short-term effects on neonatal well-being
Modified mosquito landing boxes dispensing transfluthrin provide effective protection against Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes under simulated outdoor conditions in a semi-field system
No full textEfforts to control malaria vectors have primarily focused on scaling-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying. Although highly efficient against indoor-biting and indoor-resting vectors, these interventions have lower impact on outdoor-biting mosquitoes. Innovative vector control tools are required to prevent outdoor human-mosquito contacts. In this work, the potential of spatial repellents, delivered in an active system that requires minimal user compliance, to provide personal protection against exophagic mosquitoes active in the early evening was explored.; A device previously used as an odour-baited lure and kill apparatus, the mosquito landing box (MLB), was modified to dispense the volatile synthetic pyrethroid, transfluthrin, as a spatial repellent. The MLB has an active odour-dispensing mechanism that uses a solar-powered fan and switches on at dusk to provide long duration dispensing of volatile compounds without the need for the user to remember to employ it. Two MLBs were located 5 m from a human volunteer to investigate the repellent effects of a transfluthrin 'bubble' created between the MLBs. Transfluthrin was emanated from polyester strips, hanging inside the MLB odour-dispensing unit. A fully randomized cross-over design was performed in a large, semi-field, screened cage to assess the effect of the repellent against laboratory-reared Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes under ambient outdoor conditions. The knock-down capacity of the transfluthrin-treated strips was also evaluated at different time points up to 3 weeks after being impregnated to measure duration of efficacy.; The protective transfluthrin bubble provided 68.9% protection against An. arabiensis bites under these simulated outdoor conditions. Volatile transfluthrin caused low mortality among mosquitoes in the semi-field system. Transfluthrin-treated strips continued to knock down mosquitoes in laboratory tests, 3 weeks after impregnation, although this effect diminished with time. Modified MLBs can be used as efficient and long-lasting dispensers of volatile spatial repellents such as transfluthrin, thereby providing high levels of protection against outdoor-biting mosquitoes in the peri-domestic space. They have a potential role in combatting outdoor malaria transmission without interfering with effective indoor interventions such as LLINs
Water Flow Behavior and Storage Potential of the Semi-Arid Ephemeral River System in the Mara Basin of Kenya
No full textAlluvial corridors of ephemeral river systems provide viable opportunities for natural water storage in dry lands. Whilst alluvial corridors are widely recognized as water buffers, particularly for areas experiencing constant water scarcity, little research has been undertaken in Sub-Saharan Africa to explore their hydrological variability and water resource potential as alternative water sources for nearby communities. This study investigated the water flow behavior and storage potential of an ephemeral river system in the Mara Basin of Kenya for purposes of supporting water resources development and ecological sustainability. The water flow processes – including the recharge rates and water loss processes – from existing sand storage systems were established through monitoring of ground and surface water levels. Water samples along the alluvial corridor were collected and analyzed for major ions and isotopic signatures required to establish the water storage dynamics. The storage potential was estimated through Probing and Electrical Resistivity Tomography techniques, augmented with in-situ measurements of hydraulic conductivities and channel bed porosities. The mean annual storage volume in the alluvium of the study reach was estimated at 1.1 Mm3, potentially capable of providing for the annual domestic and livestock water demands of the area. Transmission losses into the alluvium beneath the ephemeral channel-bed were noted to attenuate the flood peak discharges, depending on the level of saturation of the alluvial bed. However, water storage in the alluvium was subject to losses through evapotranspiration and seepage through fractured bedrocks. The study demonstrated the potential of alluvial corridors as water storage buffers providing alternative water sources to communities within the dry land regions with water scarcity, thereby to supporting ecosystem sustainability.Water Resource
Gambaran Status Ekonomi dan Tingkat Pendidikan Orang Tua Terhadap Status Gizi Balita
No full textKota Yogyakarta memillki cakupan gizi buruk paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan kabupaten lain di wilayah Daerah lstimewa
Yogyakarta.Prevalensi balita gizi buruk di 4 kabupatendi Provinsi Yogyakarti sudah sesuai harapan yiitu <1%, sedangkan di Kota Yogyakarta masih 1,35%.Kasusgizi burukpalingbanyakditemukandi KecamatanGbndokusumanwilayah[erja
Puskesmas Gondokusuman 1. Malnutrisi timbul akibat interaksi dari berbagai faktor lingkungan, diantaranya Oisebabkan ol6h
status ekonomi dan tingkat pendidikan. Tingkat pendidikan orang tua turut menentukan status gizi anak kareni pendidikan sangat
mempengaruhi seseorang untuk memahami dan menerima informasi tentang gizi. Diketahui bahwa terdailat 30,8% kepila
keluarga miskin terhadap jumlah jiwa di Kecamatan Gondokusuman. Di wilayah kLrja Puskesmas Gondokusuman 1, Kelurahan
Demangan memiliki persentase keluarga miskin paling tinggl. Kejadian gizi buiuk yang tertinggijuga ada di Kelurahan Demangan.
P'enelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status ekonomi dan tingkat penOiOit<an orin! tua terhadap status gizi bJita.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode d-eskriptif dengan desJin cross secfiona/. Anilisis data
yaitu dengan meng.gunakan teknik analisis deskriptif dengan uji statistik menggunakan pr-oporsi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa orang
tua yang status ekonominya cukup memiliki balita yang seluruhnya berstatus gizi baik. Sementara orang tua yang status
ekonominya kurang memiliki balitade.ngan dengan status gizi yang beragam yaitu status gizi baik, kurang, da-n lebiti. Olang tua
yang.berpendidikan_tinggi memiliki balita yang seluruhnya berstatus gizi Oiik. Orang tua yang berpendidika-n dasar dan meneigah
memiliki balita yang berstatus gizi beragam.
Kata Kunci :status ekonomi, tingkat pendidikan, orang tua, status gizi, balit
Effective Autodissemination of Pyriproxyfen to Breeding Sites by the Exophilic Malaria Vector Anopheles Arabiensis in Semi-Field Settings in Tanzania.
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Malaria vector control strategies that target adult female mosquitoes are challenged by the emergence of insecticide resistance and behavioural resilience. Conventional larviciding is restricted by high operational costs and inadequate knowledge of mosquito-breeding habitats in rural settings that might be overcome by the juvenile hormone analogue, Pyriproxyfen (PPF). This study assessed the potential for Anopheles arabiensis to pick up and transfer lethal doses of PPF from contamination sites to their breeding habitats (i.e. autodissemination of PPF). A semi-field system (SFS) with four identical separate chambers was used to evaluate PPF-treated clay pots for delivering PPF to resting adult female mosquitoes for subsequent autodissemination to artificial breeding habitats within the chambers. In each chamber, a tethered cow provided blood meals to laboratory-reared, unfed female An. arabiensis released in the SFS. In PPF-treated chambers, clay pot linings were dusted with 0.2 - 0.3 g AI PPF per pot. Pupae were removed from the artificial habitats daily, and emergence rates calculated. Impact of PPF on emergence was determined by comparing treatment with an appropriate control group. Mean (95%CI) adult emergence rates were (0.21 +/- 0.299) and (0.95 +/- 0.39) from PPF-treated and controls respectively (p < 0.0001). Laboratory bioassay of water samples from artificial habitats in these experiments resulted in significantly lower emergence rates in treated chambers (0.16 +/- 0.23) compared to controls 0.97 +/- 0.05) (p < 0.0001). In experiments where no mosquitoes introduced, there were no significant differences between control and treatment, indicating that transfer of PPF to breeding sites only occurred when mosquitoes were present; i.e. that autodissemination had occurred. Treatment of a single clay pot reduced adult emergence in six habitats to (0.34 +/- 0.13) compared to (0.98 +/- 0.02) in the controls (p < 0.0001), showing a high level of habitats coverage amplification of the autodissemination event. The study provides proof of principle for the autodissemination of PPF to breeding habitats by malaria vectors. These findings highlight the potential for this technique for outdoor control of malaria vectors and call for the testing of this technique in field trials.\u
Effects of changing mosquito host searching behaviour on the cost effectiveness of a mass distribution of long-lasting, insecticidal nets : a modelling study
No full textThe effectiveness of long-lasting, insecticidal nets (LLINs) in preventing malaria is threatened by the changing biting behaviour of mosquitoes, from nocturnal and endophagic to crepuscular and exophagic, and by their increasing resistance to insecticides.; Using epidemiological stochastic simulation models, we studied the impact of a mass LLIN distribution on Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Specifically, we looked at impact in terms of episodes prevented during the effective life of the batch and in terms of net health benefits (NHB) expressed in disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, depending on biting behaviour, resistance (as measured in experimental hut studies), and on pre-intervention transmission levels.; Results were very sensitive to assumptions about the probabilistic nature of host searching behaviour. With a shift towards crepuscular biting, under the assumption that individual mosquitoes repeat their behaviour each gonotrophic cycle, LLIN effectiveness was far less than when individual mosquitoes were assumed to vary their behaviour between gonotrophic cycles. LLIN effectiveness was equally sensitive to variations in host-searching behaviour (if repeated) and to variations in resistance. LLIN effectiveness was most sensitive to pre-intervention transmission level, with LLINs being least effective at both very low and very high transmission levels, and most effective at around four infectious bites per adult per year. A single LLIN distribution round remained cost effective, except in transmission settings with a pre-intervention inoculation rate of over 128 bites per year and with resistant mosquitoes that displayed a high proportion (over 40%) of determined crepuscular host searching, where some model variants showed negative NHB. Shifts towards crepuscular host searching behaviour can be as important in reducing LLIN effectiveness and cost effectiveness as resistance to pyrethroids. As resistance to insecticides is likely to slow dow the development of behavioural resistance and vice versa, the two types of resistance are unlikely to occur within the same mosquito population. LLINs are likely cost effective interventions against malaria, even in areas with strong resistance to pyrethroids or where a large proportion of host-mosquito contact occurs during times when LLIN users are not under their nets
Establishment of a self-propagating population of the African malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis under semi-field conditions
No full textBackground: The successful control of insect disease vectors relies on a thorough understanding of their ecology and behaviour. However, knowledge of the ecology of many human disease vectors lags behind that of agricultural pests. This is partially due to the paucity of experimental tools for investigating their ecology under natural conditions without risk of exposure to disease. Assessment of vector life-history and demographic traits under natural conditions has also been hindered by the inherent difficulty of sampling these seasonally and temporally varying populations with the limited range of currently available tools. Consequently much of our knowledge of vector biology comes from studies of laboratory colonies, which may not accurately represent the genetic and behavioural diversity of natural populations. Contained semi-field systems (SFS) have been proposed as more appropriate tools for the study of vector ecology. SFS are relatively large, netting-enclosed, mesocosms in which vectors can fly freely, feed on natural plant and vertebrate host sources, and access realistic resting and oviposition sites.
Methods: A self-replicating population of the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis was established within a large field cage (21 x 9.1 x 7.1 m) at the Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania that mimics the natural habitat features of the rural village environments where these vectors naturally occur. Offspring from wild females were used to establish this population whose life-history, behaviour and demography under semi-field conditions was monitored over 24 generations.
Results: This study reports the first successful establishment and maintenance of an African malaria vector population under SFS conditions for multiple generations (> 24). The host-seeking behaviour, time from blood feeding to oviposition, larval development, adult resting and swarming behaviour exhibited by An. arabiensis under SFS conditions were similar to those seen in nature.
Conclusions: This study presents proof-of-principle that populations of important African malaria vectors can be established within environmentally realistic, contained semi-field settings. Such SFS will be valuable tools for the experimental study of vector ecology and assessment of their short-term ecological and longer-term evolutionary responses to existing and new vector control interventions
