1,721,051 research outputs found
Developmental associations between adolescent change in depressive symptoms and menstrual-cycle-phase-specific negative affect during early adulthood
No full textThe causal factors associated with increases in
depressive symptoms among adolescent girls remain an
area of theoretical debate, and the limited research considering
a hormonal influence has provided mixed results.
The goal of the present study was to test a set of longitudinal
associations, that, if found, would provide support for
a hormonal contribution to these changes. Specifically, this
study tested the hypotheses that changes in depressive
symptoms among adolescent girls would be associated with
phase-specific symptoms of the menstrual cycle during
early adulthood; that these associations would differ across
three phases of the menstrual cycle; and that the pattern of
associations would differ for changes in depressive symptoms
during early- and late-adolescence. The sample consisted
of 47 women with longitudinal data from 12 to
21 years old (approximately 91% European Canadian, 4%
Middle Eastern Canadian, 2% Haitian Canadian, and 2%
Asian Canadian). Consistent with expectations, results
showed that early-adolescent increases in depressive
symptoms were negatively associated with menstrualphase
negative affect, and positively associated with midcycle
negative affect, but not associated with premenstrual
negative affect; whereas late-adolescent change in
depressive symptoms was only associated with depressive
symptoms at 20–21 years. Thus, early-adolescent changes
in depressive symptoms are longitudinally associated with
later mood change across the menstrual cycle, suggesting a
common underlying cause, which is hypothesized to be
hormonal. Moreover, results suggest that, with respect to
variables that are involved in affective development,
important differences exist between early- and late-adolescence.
The discussion considers menstrual-cycle-related
symptoms (e.g., dysmenorrhea) during adolescence, and the
need to study their effects on development. It is suggested
that focused intervention and prevention efforts may be
indicated to interrupt negative developmental outcomes
Peer relations across contexts: Individual-network homophily and network inclusion in and after school
No full textPeer relations across 2 contexts (in school and after school) were examined for 577 participants, approximately
12 years old, from 3 middle schools in Milan, Italy. The primary research questions were: Do peer networks
from different contexts uniquely contribute to explaining variance in individual behavior? Do measures of peer
preference and peer network inclusion across contexts uniquely contribute to explaining individual depressive
symptoms? Structural equation models showed that both the in-school and the after-school peer networks
uniquely contributed to explaining variance in 2 types of individual problem behavior (in-school problem
behavior, after-school delinquency), and that similarity with the 2 peer networks varied according to behaviors
specific to each context and across gender. Finally, both in-school and after-school peer network inclusion
contributed to explaining variance in depressive symptoms, after controlling for classroom peer preference
Peer relations across contexts: Individual-Network homophily and network inclusion in and after school
No full textPeer relations across 2 contexts (in school and after school) were examined for 577 participants, approximately
12 years old, from 3 middle schools in Milan, Italy. The primary research questions were: Do peer networks
from different contexts uniquely contribute to explaining variance in individual behavior? Do measures of peer
preference and peer network inclusion across contexts uniquely contribute to explaining individual depressive
symptoms? Structural equation models showed that both the in-school and the after-school peer networks
uniquely contributed to explaining variance in 2 types of individual problem behavior (in-school problem
behavior, after-school delinquency), and that similarity with the 2 peer networks varied according to behaviors
specific to each context and across gender. Finally, both in-school and after-school peer network inclusion
contributed to explaining variance in depressive symptoms, after controlling for classroom peer preference
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Temporal Dynamics Linking Aspects of Parent Monitoring with Early Adolescent Antisocial Behavior
No full textThis longitudinal study examined the covariation between parents’ use of control
and solicitation, youth willingness to self-disclose to parents, and youth antisocial
behavior from ages 13 to 14. Structural equation analyses were conducted on a
combined sample of Italian (N = 152) and French Canadian (N = 151) adolescents.
Analyses tested for longitudinal cross-lagged effects while controlling for stability and
all concurrent associations. Although bivariate correlations showed consistent asso-
ciations among these constructs, both concurrently and over one year, SEM results
revealed virtually no cross-lagged effects, after controlling for concurrent associations
and stability. These findings suggest that the actual causal effects of parenting and
youth behavior may best be conceptualized as occurring in the moment, rather than
over extended periods of time. Results also showed that parental control and solicita-
tion demonstrated very different associations with youth antisocial behavior, and
should therefore be considered separately for research and prevention
A short-term longitudinal analysis of friendship selection on early adolescent substance use
No full textThere is a strong empirical connection between individual and peer substance use during
adolescence. The determination of whether this level of covariation reflects influence or
selection is obscured by both the design and measurement strategies used. This present
study utilizes a short-term longitudinal design with bi-monthly assessments to address
the following two hypotheses: a) Adolescents select friends on the basis of their substance
use, and b) New friend substance use predicts changes in future use. French Canadian
adolescents (n 1⁄4 143) were interviewed on their friendship networks and substance use
behaviors (e.g., tobacco, alcohol and marijuana) four times during a school year. Cross-lag
panel models revealed that adolescents who use substances tend to select new friends
who use. Moreover, once in the network, these new friends also contribute to changes in
the adolescents’ substance use. These findings are relevant to understanding the multiple
functions of adolescent substance use
Group identification in early adolescence: Its relation with peer adjustment and its moderator effect on peer influence
No full textThis study was conducted to test whether group identification (importance of the group to the individual) covaries with individual-group similarity on problem behavior; and whether group identification moderates peer group influence on the individual’s development of delinquent behavior across a one-year period. The level of reciprocated nominations within the individual’s self-nominated group was controlled for in all analyses. Participants were 190 6th and 7th graders (during the first year of the study) from the North of Italy. Level of reciprocated nominations within the group, but not identification, was found to covary with individual-group behavioral similarity (group behavior interacted with reciprocity of group nominations in predicting individual behavior). However, group identification, but not reciprocated nominations, was found to moderate peer group influence on the individual’s change in delinquent behavior, across one year. The individual’s peer status within the classroom, level of reciprocated nominations, and gender, all were related to the individual’s level of group identification. Results are discussed in terms of understanding peer group influence on the individual
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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