1,720,974 research outputs found
Pathophysiology of viral-induced exacerbations of COPD
No full textInflammation of the lower airways is a central feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inflammatory responses are associated with an increased expression of a cascade of proteins including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, enzymes, adhesion molecules and receptors. In most cases the increased expression of these proteins is the result of enhanced gene transcription: many of these genes are not expressed in normal cells under resting conditions but they are induced in the inflammatory process in a cell-specific manner. Transcriptions factors regulate the expression of many pro-inflammatory genes and play a key role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation. Many studies have suggested a role for viral infections as a causative agent of COPD exacerbations. In this review we will focus our attention on the relationship between common respiratory viral infections and the molecular and inflammatory mechanisms that lead to COPD exacerbations
Bronchial hyperreactivity in systemic sclerosis patients: Influence of associated Sjogren's syndrome
No full textObjective-To determine the frequency and relative risk of bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine in systemic sclerosis patients with or without associated Sjogren's syndrome. Methods-A prospective study of 56 patients with systemic sclerosis (42 with the diffuse and 14 with the limited variant; 24 with associated Sjogren's syndrome), 57 with primary Sjogren's syndrome, and 61 healthy controls. Results-Bronchial hyperreactivity (BH) was present in 6-5% of the healthy controls, 25% of the systemic sclerosis patients without associated Sjogren's syndrome, 42.2% of those with primary Sjogren's syndrome, and in 50% of those with systemic sclerosis with associated Sjogren's syndrome. The presence of BH did not correlate with age, disease duration, chest radiograph abnormalities, respiratory, and immunological data. The subgroup of subjects with the limited variant of systemic sclerosis more frequently had associated BH than did those with the diffuse variant of the disease; coexisting Sjogren's syndrome further increased this frequency. Conclusions-In agreement with previous studies, we have confirmed the high prevalence ofbronchial hyperreactivity in primary Sjogren's syndrome; systemic sclerosis likewise appears to be associated with an increased frequency of bronchial hyperreactivity compared with healthy control subjects. There is evidence also that the coexistence of Sjogren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis fiurther increases the frequency and the calculated relative risk of developing bronchial hyperreactivity
Progressive systemic sclerosis and pulmonary malignancy.
No full textTwo cases with systemic sclerosis and pulmonary malignancies are reported. In both cases the patients are suffered from PSS with pulmonary fibrosis from many years and lung malignancy developed as terminal event
Increased bronchial responsiveness in primary Sjogren's syndrome. A sign of tracheobronchial involvement
No full textThirty-six patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome and 60 healthy volunteers underwent provocative bronchial testing with aerosolized dosed methacholine. 18/36 patients had bronchial hyper-responsiveness higher than that found in control population. It is hypothesized that in SS bronchial hyper-responsiveness may be due a lymphocitic inflammation and an alteration in secretion secondary togland damage
Associazione Sindrome di Reynolds- Sindrome di Sjogren ASSOCIATION OF REYNOLDS AND SJOGRENS SYNDROMES
No full textL'osservazione di una sindrome CREST associata ad epatopatia cronicaautoimmune (cosiddettasindrome di Reynolds) con unasindrome di Sjogren ripropone il tema delle sovrapèposizioni sintomatologiche nelle malattie autoimmuni. Vengono discussi alcuni asoetti diagnostici e patogenetici della rara associazione morbosa
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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