1,721,047 research outputs found
The World’s Longest Mistake: Sustainable Urban Design and the Renovation of Social Housing Estates: Also a Disciplinary Problem
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Non-equilibrium control of quantum systems and their phases
No full textIn the last years, one of the major aim of the condensed matter area of interest, at the same rate of fundamental research, is to produce new and substantial breakthrough innovations to be applied in the information technology world. Indeed, semiconductor-based devices have constantly improved their performances thanks to the ability of continually shrink the components inside chips. In this process, however, physical components cannot be reduced in size infinitely. All matter consists of atoms and, at the atomic level, particles behave according to the laws of quantum mechanics. With this respect, the control of quantum systems is becoming fundamental to go beyond the present technology and the engineering of powerful phases of matter, very hard to obtain in standard conditions, is one of the main goals people are trying to achieve. The realization of quantum computation devices, in this sense, strongly depends on these new ideas success. In this respect, researchers have faced the difficulty, both from the theoretical and the experimental points of view, to control the state of a quantum system. Quantum control, i.e. the control of quantum phenomena, is becoming one of the major concerns in condensed matter physics, even if results obtained in the recent past are mainly confined to static systems in equilibrium, due to the difficulty to experimentally manipulate out-of-equilibrium quantum systems and the absence of an efficient general theoretical framework to describe non-equilibrium dynamics. In this thesis, I address these currently open questions by inspecting several different condensed matter models, using various methods to drive the system out of equilibrium and focusing on its dynamical features as well as the properties of its equilibration towards a thermal or, more interestingly, non thermal steady state. I discuss the possibility to manipulate various systems to give rise to peculiar dynamical behaviors and corresponding steady states with properties not attainable in thermal equilibrium, ranging from quantum phase transitions and their dynamical counterparts to superconductivity
The spatial analysis of urban systems: Multiple Centrality Assessment and the dynamics on street networks
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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