1,720,988 research outputs found
Canine soft tissue sarcomas: the expression of RUNX2 and karyopherin alpha-2 in extraskeletal (soft tissues) and skeletal osteosarcomas
No full textReversible and cachexia-associated feline skin fragility syndrome in three cats
No full textBACKGROUND: Feline skin fragility syndrome (FSFS) is an acquired disorder characterized by altered collagen production resulting in an extremely thin and fragile skin. FSFS is associated with diseases characterized by excessive steroidal hormones that can inhibit collagen synthesis. It is also described concomitantly with severe inflammatory, infectious or neoplastic conditions where the pathogenesis remains largely unknown.
OBJECTIVES: To describe three cases of FSFS in cats that become cachectic secondary to different causes without glucocorticoid involvement. To describe the histopathological features of connective tissue for both fragile skin and the skin after healing.
RESULTS: All cats developed cachexia in less than two months (body condition score ranging from 1-1.5). Concomitant diseases were diagnosed in Case 1 (aspiration pneumonia due to mega-oesophagus) and Case 2 (feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)). In Case 3, malnutrition was suspected as a primary cause. The main histological feature of fragile skin was an atrophic dermis with pale eosinophilic, thin and irregular collagen fibres with numerous red cores observed with Masson's stain. Elastic fibres were normal. Postrecovery histopathological findings at 11 (Case 1) and six months (Case 3) after diagnosis, indicated normalization of the collagen and of the whole skin as compared with controls.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing a reversible, nonsteroid-induced FSFS, associated with rapidly developing cachexia in cats
Effect of the Physiological State and of a Diet Rich in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) on the Immune Response of the Mammary Gland in Sheep
No full textTumor Thickness and Modified Clark Level in Canine Cutaneous Melanocytic Tumors
No full textBreslow thickness and Clark level are prognostic factors for human cutaneous melanomas. Breslow thickness is measured with an ocular micrometer from the top of the granular layer of the epidermis to the deepest invasive cell across the broad base of the tumor, while Clark level is based on the anatomical level of invasion through the layers of the dermis. Because of the anatomical differences between humans and dogs, we evaluated the tumor thickness and a modified Clark level in 77 canine primary cutaneous melanocytic tumors. Tumor thickness (using both a traditional and a more convenient system) and modified Clark level were measured and associated with histological diagnosis and clinical outcome. Tumor thickness was a prognostic factor, being greater in animals with shorter overall survival and disease-free time. Cutoffs of 0.95 cm and 0.75 cm defined a higher hazard for an unfavorable outcome and to develop recurrence/metastasis, respectively. Because of an excellent agreement between the 2 methods, it was concluded that tumor thickness could be measured with a ruler when an ocular micrometer is not available. Modified Clark level was not found to be relevant for prognosis. However, we suggest that both tumor thickness and a modified Clark level can be valid additional parameters when histological diagnosis is uncertain. Further studies, including a wider sample population, would be worthwhile to confirm the prognostic significance of these 2 parameters
Preliminary results on skin incision, tissue damage and wound healing on in‐vivo porcine skin model: a comparison between different methods, based on surgical, histological and immunohistochemical results. part two: histology and immunohistochemistry.
No full textThe device used for skin incision can deeply affect final results and patient’s recovery time. Lateral thermal
injury (LTI) and processes of wound healing after incision are pivotal in the patient’s outcome1. Aims of this
study are to compare incisional damage and lateral thermal injury (LTI) produced by Diode Laser (DL), CO2
Laser (CO2L), Thulium Laser (TL)2, monopolar electrosurgery (MES) and Steel Scalpel (SS) on porcine skin
incisional wounds. Moreover, it aims to get deeper insights on any differences on wound healing processes
CD3 and CD20 Coexpression in a Case of Canine Cutaneous Epitheliotropic T-Cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides).
No full textA 14-year-old female spayed Dachshund was presented with generalized scaling, erythema, pruritus, poor quality of hair coat, and progressive weight loss. Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (CETCL) was suspected. Skin biopsies were suggestive of CETCL. However, immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of numerous CD20+ and CD3+ cells. Clonality assay demonstrated a clonal T-cell receptor gamma rearrangement and a polyclonal IgH gene rearrangement. Double-label immunofluorescence confirmed coexpression of CD3 and CD20 by neoplastic cells. By double immunohistochemistry, neoplastic cells were CD3+ and PAX5-. The results are compatible with a CD3+, CD20+ CETCL. Coexpression of CD20 and CD3 has been recognized in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Although documented in human CETCL, it has not been reported in canine CETCL. The pathogenetic basis of CD20 expression in mycosis fungoides is explored
FoxP3 and IDO in Canine Melanocytic Tumors
No full textHuman melanoma is one of the deadliest forms of cancer, with poor prognosis and high resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The discovery of immunosuppressive mechanisms in the human melanoma microenvironment led to the use of new prognostic markers and to the development of immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint molecules. Immunoescape mechanisms in canine melanoma have not yet been investigated, and no such immunotherapy has been tested. The aim of this study was to provide preliminary data on the expression of transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in primary canine melanocytic tumors and to investigate their prognostic role. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from 74 canine melanocytic tumors (26 oral melanomas, 23 cutaneous melanomas, and 25 cutaneous melanocytomas) were retrospectively evaluated by immunohistochemistry to explore the expression of FoxP3 and IDO. An increased risk of death due to melanoma was associated with a higher number of FoxP3+ cells per high-power field (FoxP3+/HPF), a higher percentage of CD3+ cells that were also FoxP3+ infiltrating and surrounding the tumor (%FoxP3), and a higher number of IDO+ cells/HPF (IDO+/HPF). A prognostic value for FoxP3 and IDO is suggested by our study, with optimal cutoffs of 14.7 FoxP3+ cells/HPF, 6.1 IDO+ cells/HPF, and 12.5% FoxP3+ cells. Both markers were also associated with tumor type. Multivariable analysis identified IDO+/HPF ( P < .001) as an independent prognostic marker. Even though stratification by diagnosis caused a loss of significance, results from the present study suggest a prognostic role for IDO and FoxP3, possibly related to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment
Feline eosinophilic dermatoses: a retrospective immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of extracellular matrix remodelling
No full textBackground – Feline eosinophilic dermatoses (FEDs) are common diseases of cats with an unknown pathogenesis. They are histologically characterized by an eosinophilic infiltration and often by the presence of flame figures (FFs) and/or areas of loss of tissue architecture, here termed necrotic foci (NF). It has been postulated that an alteration in the degradation of the extracellular matrix could be responsible for these histological features. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of proteases that are fundamental in extracellular matrix remodelling.
Hypothesis/Objectives – The aim of the study was to investigate retrospectively the expression of a subgroup of MMPs, in particular MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinases, in FEDs. The expression of one of their inhibitors, TIMP-2, was also investigated in order to establish the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of FEDs. The ultrastructural characteristics of extracellular matrix in FFs and NF were subsequently assessed.
Methods – Fifty-one formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from cutaneous and mucosal biopsies diagnosed as FEDs were investigated immunohistochemically. Two selected samples were processed for electron microscopy.
Results – This study revealed an increased expression of MMP-2 in NF and a decreased expression of this gelatinase in FFs. An imbalance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 was evident using immunohistochemistry. No significative results were observed for MMP-9 expression. Electron microscopy confirmed the lack of normal collagen fibres in NF, whereas in FFs only occasional, amorphous material was observed among normal collagen fibres.
Conclusions and clinical importance – Our study suggests that an imbalance in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases could be responsible for different morphological findings in FEDs. Further studies are needed to assess the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of FEDs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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