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Predictors of nonresponse to psychosocial treatment in children and adolescents with disruptive behavior diisorders
No full textPredictors of nonresponse to psychosocial treatment in children and adolescents
with disruptive behavior disorders.
Masi G, Manfredi A, Milone A, Muratori P, Polidori L, Ruglioni L, Muratori F.
IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry ,
Calambrone, Pisa, Italy.
OBJECTIVE: A crucial issue in youths with disruptive behavior disorders,
including oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, is the
refractoriness to treatments. A multimodal approach with individual therapy to
improve social skills and self-control and family and school interventions is the
best psychosocial treatment. Predictors of poor response to psychosocial
treatment remain understudied. We aimed at exploring whether callous (lack of
empathy and guilt) and unemotional (shallow emotions) (CU) trait and type of
aggression (predatory vs. affective) can affect response to psychosocial
treatment in referred youths with disruptive behavior disorders.
METHODS: The sample consisted of 38 youths (28 boys and 10 girls, age range: 6-14
years, mean age: 13.1 ± 2.6 years) diagnosed as having oppositional defiant
disorder or conduct disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) criteria and a clinical interview (Kiddie
Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age
Children-Present and Lifetime Version), who completed a 6-month therapeutic
program at our hospital. Patients were assessed according to severity and
improvement (Clinical Global Impressions-Severity score [CGI-S] and
CGI-Improvement score), functional impairment (Children's Global Assessment Scale
[C-GAS]), type of aggression, predatory versus affective (Aggression
Questionnaire), and CU dimension (Antisocial Process Screening Device and the
Inventory of CU Traits).
RESULTS: Among the 38 patients, 21 (55.3%) were responders and 17 (44.7%) were
nonresponders, according to CGI-Improvement score and CGI-S. Nonresponders were
more impaired at the baseline according to CGI-S and C-GAS. Nonresponders
presented higher scores of predatory aggression, whereas affective aggression did
not differ between groups. Nonresponders presented higher scores in CU trait of
Antisocial Process Screening Device and in Inventory of CU total score (callous
trait), but these differences did not survive Bonferroni correction.
CONCLUSIONS: Severity at the baseline and predatory aggression are negative
predictors of psychosocial treatment, but the role of the callous trait needs
more exploration in larger samples. Further research may increase our diagnostic
and prognostic capacities, thus improving our treatment strategies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
COVID-19 related lockdown: a trigger from the pre-melancholic phase to catatonia and depression, a case report of a 59 year-old man
Full text linkBackground: The pre-melancholic model described by Tellenbach may provide a common model for understanding the psychological implications of the lockdown. In this case report, we describe a rare catatonic status as a psychological implication linked to the COVID-19 pandemic, a really unique global situation. Case presentation: B is a 59 year-old man with mute psychiatric anamnesis whose mother suffered from a major depressive disorder. As the lockdown began, he started to develop concerns about his family’s economic condition. According to his wife, he could see no end to the epidemic and no future at all. Moving from this, he started to show a severe and rapidly progressive depression and to develop mood congruent delusions. In addition, he had increasing anhedonia, apathy, starvation and insomnia. This turned in the end into a catatonic-like state, along with a deep desire to die. Admitted to the psychiatry ward in a state of mutism, he was discharged after 15 days with a diagnosis of “Major depressive disorder, single severe episode with no psychotic behavior”. He was treated with Sertraline, Olanzapine and Lorazepam. Conclusions: Our aim is to draw attention to the effect of the lockdown upon a Tellenbach-like personality structure. Identifying this type of pre-morbid personality structure could help clinicians understand and treat some cases of patients with severe major depressive disorders elicited by the COVID-19 pandemic
Moderating healthcare costs through an assisted physical activity programme
No full textBackground During the last decades, physical inactivity has become increasingly important due to its effects on health; in the medical field, it has been highlighted that physical inactivity is one of the leading cause of death. Moreover, the increasing trend in a sedentary lifestyle has also led to economic concerns; for this reason, the need to develop healthcare programmes to raise awareness of the benefits of physical exercise among the global population has arisen. Objective This paper analyses the relationship between moderate physical activity, cost of pharmaceuticals and health services utilization with regard to a primary care community programme based on moderate exercise intervention. The study highlights the effect of an exercise programme for people in sheltered accommodation in terms of effects on their quality of life and in terms of economic sustainability. Methodology A randomized controlled trial of an exercise programme was designed. A total of 150 patients were randomized in two groups. The intervention group was recruited from Centro Esercizio Vita whereas the participants of the control group were recruited from general practitioners. Results At 9 months after randomization, the exercise-based group presented a lower average cost for drugs (p-value 0.039), an overall better health status perception (p-value 0.0019) and accessed general practitioners less frequently (p-value 0.058). Conclusions Our study shows that assisted physical activity practiced on the basis of an exercise programme, over a period of nine months, has overall positive consequences in terms of reduction in health expenditure and quality of life
The role of new technologies to prevent suicide in adolescence. a systematic review of the literature
Full text linkBackground and objectives: Suicide in adolescents represents a major public health concern. To date, a growing number of suicide preventive strategies based on the use of new technologies are emerging. We aimed to provide an overview of the present literature on the use of new technologies in adolescent suicide prevention. Materials and methods: An electronic search was run using the following keywords: Technology OR Technologies OR APP OR Application OR mobile application) AND (Adolescent OR youth OR puberty) AND (Suicid* OR Self-harm OR self-destruction). Inclusion criteria were: English language, published in a peer-reviewed journal, suicide prevention with the use of new technologies among adolescents. Results: Our search strategy yielded a total of 12 studies on the use of telemedicine, 7 on mobile applications, and 3 on language detection. We also found heterogeneity regarding the study design: 3 are randomized controlled trials (RCT), 13 are open-label single group trials, 2 are randomized studies, and 1 is a cross-sectional study. Telemedicine was the most adopted tool, especially web-based approaches. Mobile applications mostly focused on screening of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, and for clinical monitoring through the use of text messages. Although telepsychiatry and mobile applications can provide a fast and safe tool, supporting and preceding a face-to-face clinical assessment, only a few studies demonstrated efficacy in preventing suicide among adolescents through the use of these interventions. Some studies suggested algorithms able to recognize people at risk of suicide from the exploration of the language on social media posts. Conclusions: New technologies were found to be well accepted and tolerated supports for suicide prevention in adolescents. However, to date, few data support the use of such interventions in clinical practice and preventive strategies. Further studies are needed to test their efficacy in suicide prevention among adolescents and young adults
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