1,720,957 research outputs found
Effects of interferon-alpha on the inflammatory response of swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
No full textInterferon-α (IFN-α) at low concentrations had been previously shown to control the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes in swine pulmonary alveolar macrophages. In the first part of this study, cultured swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were supplemented with IFN-α at low/moderate concentrations, and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1Β, TNF-α, and IL-6 genes was determined by real-time PCR. IFN-α at low/moderate concentrations did not significantly reduce the expression of any cytokine gene under study, with clear trends though to a concentration-dependent reduction of IL-1Β gene expression and to a concentration-dependent increase of IFN-γ gene expression. In vivo, orally administered IFN-α was shown instead to modulate the inflammatory response to early weaning in uncultured PBMCs of specific pathogen-free piglets. As opposed to the in vitro model, the oral IFN-α treatment reduced after weaning the expression of the IFN-γ gene (P < 0.08) and increased that of the IL-1Β gene (P < 0.05). There was also a trend to a reduced expression of both IL-6 and TNF-α. The above modulation of cytokine genes expression and the greater daily mean weight gain of treated piglets highlight important regulatory properties of oral IFN-α in the response to the weaning stress
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Glutamate AMPA receptor subunit 1 gene (GRIA1) and DSM-IV-TR schizophrenia: a pilot case-control association study in an Italian sample
No full textGlutamatergic dysfunction is one of the major
hypotheses for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
The GRIA1 gene encodes for one (GluR1) of the
four (GluR1–4) ionotropic AMPA receptor subunits.
GRIA1 is a good candidate gene for susceptibility
to schizophrenia since it maps in 5q33, a
region where the presence of susceptibility loci
has been suggested by independent genome-wide
scans and because its expression has been found
to be decreased in the brain of someschizophrenia
patients. We present data from a case-control
association study on the Italian population with
eight polymorphisms spanning the whole GRIA1
gene. Single-locus analysis revealed a significantly
different allele distribution in cases and
in controls of two SNPs (rs707176, 0.41 vs. 0.31,
P1⁄40.009; rs2963944, 0.41 vs. 0.30, P1⁄40.007), and
one microsatellite (rs10631988, allele 9: 0.40 vs.
0.29, P1⁄40.004). Haplotype analysis showed an
increased frequency of a specific haplotype for
these markers (C09CC, 0.39 vs. 0.28, P1⁄40.009).
Therefore our data indicate that GRIA1 may be
involved in susceptibility to DSM-IV-TR schizophrenia
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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