1,720,974 research outputs found
Analysis of the mechanical behaviour of the interface between an innovative thermal insulating coating and its structural substrate
No full textLes recherches effectuées au cours de cette thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre du projet FUI Parex-IT (PARement EXtérieur pour l'Isolation Thermique). Le but de ce projet est de développer un enduit d'isolation thermique par l'extérieur à fort pouvoir isolant pour la réhabilitation. Plus particulièrement, ces travaux concernent la caractérisation mécanique de l'accroche de cet enduit avec son support structurel. Celui-ci est appliqué par projection directe d'une couche de 4 cm d'épaisseur. En considérant un mur enduit, soumis à des sollicitations horizontales telles que le vent ou le séisme, ce type de mise en place implique une transmission d'efforts de la structure vers l'enduit isolant par l'interface entre les deux matériaux. La résistance de cette interface est donc considérée ici comme la zone critique pour une bonne pérennité du complexe. Parallèlement, une étude équivalente a été menée sur un enduit de finition classique, à titre comparatif. Deux échelles ont été prises en compte pour l'étude du comportement de cette interface. Une première à l'échelle locale dont l'objectif est de déterminer un critère de rupture de cette interface. Celle-ci a donc été soumise, expérimentalement, à différents états de contraintes entraînant sa rupture. Cependant, les différences importantes de propriétés mécaniques entre cet enduit et son support sont susceptibles, d'après la bibliographie, de provoquer des concentrations de contraintes du point de vue expérimental. Une analyse numérique a donc été réalisée afin de quantifier les écarts obtenus entre les critères expérimentaux et numériques, pour les deux matériaux testés. A l'échelle d'un mur, l'analyse s'est portée sur une maçonnerie soumise à des sollicitations de cisaillement dans son plan. L'objectif étant tout d'abord d'étudier le comportement d'un mur enduit, et de le comparer à une maçonnerie nue, de référence. Dans un deuxième temps, la pertinence des critères des interfaces support-enduits obtenus à l'échelle locale a été étudiée d'après une étude numérique. Les analyses par corrélation d'images numériques ont, de manière générale, permis de comparer les comportements expérimentaux et numériques pour faciliter la validation des modèles proposés.This thesis takes part of the FUI project PAREX-IT (PARement EXtérieur pour l'Isolation Thermique). Its main purpose is to develop an efficient insulating coating from the outside, for refurbishment. More particularly, this work investigates the mechanical bond behaviour between this solution and its structural substrate. This thermal insulation is 4 cm thick and pneumatically placed. Considering a coated wall, solicited by wind or seismic loads, this configuration implies a load transfer from the structure to the insulating coating, through the interface between those two materials. The interfacial strength is though considered here as the critical area for a good sustainability of this complex. Meanwhile an equivalent study has been made on a more classical coating, by comparison. Two different scales have been studied. First, a local scale study to determine a failure criterion of this interface, which have been solicited in different states of stresses provoking its failure. However, the important differences of mechanical properties between the tested coatings and the mechanical support can, according to bibliography, provoke stress concentration. A numerical analysis has been conducted to quantify their influence on the parameters of the experimental criterion, for the two tested coatings. At a wall scale, a masonry submitted to shear loads was studied. The objective was to compare the behaviour between a coated wall and an uncoated one, considered as reference. In a second time, a numerical study was performed to confirm the criteria obtained at the local scale. Image correlation has been used to compare the experimental and numerical behaviours to facilitate modelling validation
Modélisation par la méthode des éléments discrets d'impacts de blocs rocheux sur structures de protection type merlons
No full textReinforced embankments against rock fall impacts are empirically designed. The discrete element method is used to improve this type of constructions that suffers from failure and large deformation during an impact. Principal mechanical characteristics from the literature are used for a calibration phase with simulation of triaxial tests. After this, dynamic behaviour is calibrated by simulating boulder impacts on a layer of soil as fill. This model of soil is used to simulate impacts on an embankment. Several sizes of structures are simulated, in accordance with the variation of the kinetic energy of the rock mass impacting. A parametrical study is realized concerning the aspects of the block and the embankment. Thus the main aspects ruling the impact phase are identified. Finally, the combined variation of these parameters evaluates the capacity of the embankment to retain the block.Les ouvrages type merlons, construits pour se prémunir contre les chutes de blocs rocheux, sont dimensionnés en pratique au moyen de méthodes empiriques. Afin d'optimiser la géométrie de ces constructions leur modélisation a été entreprise. La méthode aux éléments discrets est utilisée en raison des fortes restructurations du remblai constitutif pouvant intervenir durant un impact. A partir d'un état de l'art, les caractéristiques mécaniques du remblai sont évaluées. La calibration des paramètres quasi-statiques du matériau modèle est alors réalisée par simulations d'essais triaxiaux. Les paramètres gérant le comportement dynamique sont calibrés à leur tour par simulations d'impacts à énergies modérées. Le remblai modèle obtenu est validé par la modélisation d'essais d'impacts expérimentaux dont la gamme d'énergies correspond à celle rencontrée pour les merlons. Il est alors utilisé pour simuler des impacts sur merlons. Plusieurs tailles d'ouvrages sont étudiées, répondant chacune à des gammes d'énergies différentes. Une analyse paramétrique portant sur divers aspects du bloc et de l'ouvrage est réalisée. Elle permet de définir les variables principales gérant le phénomène d'impact. La variation couplée de ces dernières est réalisée afin d'établir leur influence sur la capacité du merlon à contenir le bloc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The effect of masonry infill walls on the reinforced concrete frames behavior under lateral load
Get PDFThe reinforced concrete structures with masonry infill walls are widely used to construct buildings in Algeria, as in many parts of the world. According to earthquake analysis, this type of construction can undergo serious damage under seismic load. The interaction between the infill wall and the surrounding reinforced concrete structure is considered a key parameter, which could trigger damage and even collapse in self-stable frame buildings. To study the behavior of this type of structures and the wall–frame interaction, four half-scale single-storey, single-bay reinforced concrete unfilled and unfilled frames were constructed and tested under in-plane lateral load. Furthermore, the experimental results were analyzed using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique giving a detailed analysis of displacement and strain fields. The wall–frame interaction was evaluated in terms of displacement field evolution and interface slip in the contact contour. The masonry infill wall demonstrated a significant influence on the in-plane lateral response of this type of structure. The analysis of the results of the experiment are discussed in this paper
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