1,721,314 research outputs found
Validation of in vivo imaging by invasive histological and immunohistochemcial methods
No full textCapítulo en: Himmelreich, Uwe; Hoehn, Mathias; Planas, Anna M. (eds.). In vivo Imaging of Animal Models: Stroke. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013, p.93-99. ISBN 978-94-007-1548-6Peer Reviewe
Role of microglia in stroke
No full textMicroglia play key roles in the post-ischemic inflammatory response and damaged tissue removal reacting rapidly to the disturbances caused by ischemia and working to restore the lost homeostasis. However, the modified environment, encompassing ionic imbalances, disruption of crucial neuron-microglia interactions, spreading depolarization, and generation of danger signals from necrotic neurons, induce morphological and phenotypic shifts in microglia. This leads them to adopt a proinflammatory profile and heighten their phagocytic activity. From day three post-ischemia, macrophages infiltrate the necrotic core while microglia amass at the periphery. Further, inflammation prompts a metabolic shift favoring glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate shunt, and lipid synthesis. These shifts, combined with phagocytic lipid intake, drive lipid droplet biogenesis, fuel anabolism, and enable microglia proliferation. Proliferating microglia release trophic factors contributing to protection and repair. However, some microglia accumulate lipids persistently and transform into dysfunctional and potentially harmful foam cells. Studies also showed microglia that either display impaired apoptotic cell clearance, or eliminate synapses, viable neurons, or endothelial cells. Yet, it will be essential to elucidate the viability of engulfed cells, the features of the local environment, the extent of tissue damage, and the temporal sequence. Ischemia provides a rich variety of region- and injury-dependent stimuli for microglia, evolving with time and generating distinct microglia phenotypes including those exhibiting proinflammatory or dysfunctional traits and others showing pro-repair features. Accurate profiling of microglia phenotypes, alongside with a more precise understanding of the associated post-ischemic tissue conditions, is a necessary step to serve as the potential foundation for focused interventions in human stroke.Supported by grant PID2020-113202RB-I00 funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCINN)/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Gobierno de España/10.13039/501100011033 and “European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). A way of making Europe.” I am grateful to Dr. Isidre Ferrer, Dr. Ángel Chamorro, Dr. Carme Solà, and Dr. David Brea for critical comments during the preparation of the manuscript. I acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer reviewe
In vivo Imaging of Animal Models: Stroke
No full textHimmelreich, Uwe; Hoehn, Mathias; Planas, Anna M. (eds.). In vivo Imaging of Animal Models: Stroke. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013. ISBN 978-94-007-1548-6Animal models play an important role for the understanding of disease mechanisms and treatment approaches but also for the validation of new methods in disease diagnosis. Molecular and other non-invasive imaging tools provide the means for monitoring the temporally resolved development of the disease and correlate major aspects like pathophysiology, behaviour, structural, metabolic and functional findings. This book provides a comprehensive summary of major molecular imaging modalities and their application to stroke animal models. Basic aspects of working with animal models and the translation into clinical research are provided. The book comprises aspects of various stroke animal models, disease progression and treatment approaches (from conventional approaches to the assessment of cell-based therapy) and on the other hand an introduction in modern imaging methodology such as MRI, PET and optical imaging. It is the aim of this book to provide an introduction into pathophysiological aspects of stroke animal models to scientists and into molecular imaging methods to clinicians and scientists in basic and clinical research. The chapters link imaging, pathology and clinical research.Peer Reviewe
Top ten discoveries of the year: Neurovascular disease
Get PDFThe aim of this review is to highlight novel findings in 2019 in the area of neurovascular disease. Experimental studies have provided insight into disease development, molecular determinants of pathology, and putative novel therapeutic targets. Studies in genetic experimental models as well as monogenic forms of human cere-brovascular diseases identified pathogenic molecules that may also be relevant to sporadic cases. There have been advances in understanding the development of cerebral cavernous angiomas and arteriovenous malfor-mations, and putative curative treatments have been suggested from experimental models. Key pathogenic pathways involved in vessel calcification and stiffness have also been identified. At the cellular level, studies showed that proper function of endothelial and mural cells, particularly pericytes, is crucial to ensure full endo-thelial differentiation and blood-brain barrier integrity. Moreover, recent discoveries support the existence of a homeostatic crosstalk between vascular cells and other neural cells, including neurons. Cerebrovascular diseas-es are strongly associated with inflammation. Beyond pathogenic roles of specific components of the inflam-matory response, new discoveries showed interesting interactions between inflammatory molecules and regu-lators of vascular function. Clinical investigation on cerebrovascular diseases has progressed by combining ad-vanced imaging and genome-wide association studies. Finally, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia are receiving increasing attention. Recent findings suggest that high-salt intake may cause cerebrovascular dys-function and cognitive impairment independent of hypoperfusion and hypertension. These and other recent reports will surely inspire further research in the field of cerebrovascular disease that will hopefully contribute to improved prevention and treatment
Data Management Plan NANO4STROKE. ISCiii: AC20/00052 2001-2004
No full textInstituto de Salud Carlos III.--
Euronanomed III.--
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)The Data Management Plan (DMP) for the NANO4STROKE project is prepared to provide an analysis of the main elements of the data management policy that will be used by the consortium with regard to the project research data. The DMP covers the complete research data life cycle concerning data generated by the IDIBAPS team (P4 in the European consortium). It describes the types of research data that will be generated or collected during the project, the standards that will be used, how the research data will be preserved and what parts of the datasets will be shared for verification or reuse. The document helps project partners to determine how the data can be managed efficiently and effectively and reduce the risk of data loss and conflicts. The DMP is a living document and in case it will be needed, the DMP will be updated throughout the project, whenever significant changes arise, such as new data or changes in the consortium policies or consortium composition. The DMP is developed according to the FAIR principles, meaning that data should be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re-usable. The project will also comply with H2020 Open Access to publications and this DMP also gives an overview of the consortium related strategy.Euronanomed III, Joint Transnational Call for Proposals (2020) for “European Innovative Research & Technological Development Projects in Nanomedicine.
This DPM is focus on data of the specific partner: P4 (IDIBAPS) financed by the ISCiii : AC20/000521. General information. 2. Introduction to NANO4STROKE data management plan.3. Data description and collection or re-use of existing data. 4. Documentation and data quality. 5. Storage and backup during the research process. 6. Legal and ethical requirements, codes of conduct. 7. Data sharing and long-term preservation. 8. Data management responsibilities and resourcesPeer reviewe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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