75 research outputs found
Dietary trans fatty acids and serum lipoproteins in humans.
No full textDietary trans-fatty acids and serum lipoproteins in humans. Zock PL, Mensink RP. Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands. Trans-fatty acids increase serum LDL-cholesterol and decrease HDL-cholesterol levels in humans when substituted for cis unsaturated fatty acids in the diet. Trans-fatty acids also increase lipoprotein (a) levels relative to other fatty acids. The effects on LDL and HDL may be mediated by the cholesteryl ester transfer protein
Support for interactive text structuring in word processors
No full text@inproceedings{CI-HERNANDEZ-2006-2, author = {Nicolas Hernandez and Aur{é}lien Max and Michael Zock}, title = {{Support for interactive text structuring in word processors}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Writing Development in Higher Education (WDHE) Conference}, year = {2006}, address = {Open University, Milton Keynes, UK}, month = {May} }International audienc
Effects of fats and fatty acids on blood lipids in humans: an overview.
No full textEffects of fats and fatty acids on blood lipids in humans: an overview. Katan MB, Zock PL, Mensink RP. Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, Netherlands. Differences in dietary fatty acid structure induce marked differences in lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in plasma from fasting subjects. Under metabolic-ward conditions, replacement of carbohydrates by lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids raise both low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol whereas stearic acid has little effect. Oleic and linoleic acids raise HDL and slightly lower LDL; all fatty acids lower fasting triglycerides when substituted for carbohydrates. Trans monounsaturates lower HDL and raise LDL and lipoprotein(a). The fatty acids in unhydrogenated fish oil potently lower triglycerides, with variable effects on LDL. Of the commercial fats, palm-kernel and coconut oil are the most hypercholesterolemic, followed by butter and palm oil. Replacement of hard fats rich in lauric, myristic, or palmitic acids or trans fatty acids by unsaturated oils will lower LDL, but replacement by carbohydrates will in addition decrease HDL and increase triglycerides. In free-living subjects, high-oil diets could lead to obesity, undoing the favorable effects on HDL and triglyceride
Underestimation of energy intake by 3-d records compared with energy intake to maintain body weight in 269 nonobese adults.
No full textUnderestimation of energy intake by 3-d records compared with energy intake to maintain body weight in 269 nonobese adults. de Vries JH, Zock PL, Mensink RP, Katan MB. Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, Netherlands. We assessed how accurately participants in dietary trials reported their free-living energy intake. We compared self-reported energy intake, calculated from 3-d food records, with actual intakes needed to maintain body weight during controlled trials lasting 6-9 wk. In 269 free-living healthy male (n = 119) and female (n = 150) adults with mean body weights close to ideal values (mean +/- SD body mass index in kg/m2, 22.1 +/- 2.4), energy intake reported in food records was 1.2 +/- 1.6 MJ/d (277 +/- 378 kcal/d) lower than actual energy requirements during the experiments. The relative bias was significantly smaller (P = 0.01) for men (-8.0 +/- 13.4%) than for women (-12.2 +/- 13.7%). Body mass index, daily energy intake, and age were not significantly related to the extent of underestimation. We conclude that food records systematically underestimate energy needs in young, nonobese well-educated adult
Processchema voor een Salpeterzuurfabriek
No full textDocument(en) uit de collectie Chemische ProcestechnologieDelftChemTechApplied Science
Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science, Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science, NLPCS 2008, In conjunction with ICEIS 2008, Barcelona, Spain, June 2008
No full textThe 5th International Workshop on "NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING AND COGNITIVE SCIENCE" (NLPCS 2008)
12-13 June, 2008 - Barcelona _ Spain
In conjunction with the 10th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2008), http://www.iceis.org/
Co-Chairs
Bernadette Sharp, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom,
[email protected]
Michael Zock, CNRS, LIF, Marseille, France, [email protected]
BACKGROUND
Realising that no single discipline will ever suffice to reveal the functioning of the human mind, cognitive science was born. The idea was to analyse complex behaviour (speaking, thinking, problem-solving) from different angles or levels and to build models that could account for them.
GOALS
While ambitious and intriguing, the idea looked promising enough to attract numerous researchers, and there were plenty of opportunities then to present this kind of work. Alas, the situation has changed, the discipline has lost speed during the last decade. And if the reasons for this are multiple, ranging from lack of results to unkept promises (« cognitive science » remaining wishful thinking rather than a widely shared way of doing research), the fact is that funding has become more and more scarce, and so have the opportunities to present work done within this framework.
In the meantime statistical approaches have gained in popularity, and evaluation has become an obligatory feature for presentation of work in the arena of computational linguistics. While there is no doubt that evaluation has certain qualities, it does not guarantee progress or insights per se. A broader perspective is needed. To get the necessary insights and to get the big picture, we probably need to get back to the framework in which we worked in those days, which means, we should adopt and integrate multiple viewpoints, that is, take a cognitive science approach. This is the goal of this workshop.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEW NAME AND RELATION TO THE TOPICS
The workshop used to be called NLUCS (Natural Language Understanding and Cognitive Science), yet, realising that this is too restrictive, we decided to rename it NLPCS (Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science), as NLP is obviously more than just natural language understanding. Information Retrieval, Information Extraction, Machine Translation, Question Answering, Text Summarization, Text Generation,etc. are all part of NLP or HLT (Human Language Technology), and they all go clearly beyond language understanding. This being so, it might be a valuable proposition to integrate them into the debate. In other words, we would like to widen the scope and provide a forum for all researchers of NLP working within the CS paradigm.
Also, while certain components (dictionaries, grammars, or ontologies)are very general, the way they are used varies considerably with the task. Hence it is important to show how the task reflects in the use of a given resource.
The goal of this workshop is to provide a forum for researchers working within the paradigm of cognitive science
TOPICS OF INTEREST INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO:
• Computational Models of NLP
• Cognitive and Psychological Models of NLP
• Evolutionary NLP
• Situated (embodied) NLP
• Multimodality in speech / text processing
• Text Summarization and Information Extraction
• Natural Language Interfaces and Dialogue Systems
• Computer Assisted Language Learning
• Multi-Lingual Processing
• Pragmatics and NLP
• Speech Processing
• Tools and Resources in NLP
• Ontologies
• Text Mining
• Electronic Dictionaries
• Evaluation of NLP Systems
These topics can be addressed from any of the following perspectives:
full automation by machines for machine (traditional NLP or HLT), semi-automated processing, i.e. machine-mediated processing (programs assisting people in their tasks), simulation of human cognitive process.
SUBMISSION OF PAPERS
Prospective authors are invited to submit papers for oral presentation in any of the areas listed above. Only full papers in English will be accepted, and the length of the paper should not exceed 10 pages (5000
words). Instructions for preparing the manuscript (in Word and Latex format) are available at the ICEIS web site.
http://www.iceis.org/paper_template.htm Postscript/RTF versions of the manuscript should be submitted through ICEIS web-based paper submission procedure: http://www.iceis.org/paper_submission.htm
WORKSHOP FORMAT
The workshop will comprise of invited talks and oral presentations of previously submitted papers that went through a double peer review process. The proceedings of the workshop will be published in the form of a book.
IMPORTANT DATES
Paper Submission: March 3, 2008
Author Notification: April 4, 2008
Final Camera-Ready and Registration: April 14, 2008
WHORKSHOP PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Aretoulaki, M. (Germany), Intervoice Ltd., UK
Barnden, J. (UK), Birmingham University
Cristea, D. (Romania), University "A.I.Cuza" of Iasi, Romania
Day, C. (UK) , Keele University, UK
Delmonte, R. (USA), University of Texas
Endres-Niggemeyer, B. (Germany), Fachochschule Hanover, Germany
Helmreich, S.(USA), New Mexico State University, USA
Higgins, C. A. (UK), Nottingham University
Hinrichs, E. W. (Germany), University of Tuebingen
Mladenic, D. (Slovenia), J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia
Molla, D. (Australia), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
Mota, C. (Portugal), L2F (INESC-ID) & Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal
Mothe, J. (France), Université de Toulouse, France
Narayanan, S. (USA), University of California, Berkeley
Nunes, M. G. (Brasil), Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e da Computação
- USP/São Carlos, Brasil
Rayson, P. (UK), Lancaster University, UK
Ren, F. (Japan), University of Tokushima, Japan
Roche, C. (France), Université de Savoie
Russell, S. (USA), University of New Hampshire
Schwitter, R. (Australia), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
Sedes, F. (France), Université de Toulouse, France
Sharp, B. (Bahrain, UK), Royal University for Women, Staffordshire
University
Sheremetyeva, S. (Denmark), LanA Consulting ApS
Soule-Dupuy, C. (France), Université de Toulouse, France
Thompson, G. (UK), Liverpool University
Tufis, D. (Romania), University "A.I.Cuza" of Iasi, Romania
Wilks, Y. (UK), Sheffield University
Windridge, P. (UK), Staffordshire University
Zock, M. (France), CNRS-LIF, Marseille
WORKSHOP LOCATION
The workshop will take place in conjunction with the 10th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2008) in Barcelona - Spain
TEA CONSUMPTION IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION: A META-ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLED HUMAN INTERVENTION STUDIES: PP.23.416
No full textAlpha-Linolenic Acid: Is It Essential to Cardiovascular Health?
No full textThere is a large body of scientific evidence that has been confirmed in randomized controlled trials indicating a cardioprotective effect for omega-3 fatty acids from fish. For alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which is the omega-3 fatty acid from plants, the relation to cardiovascular health is less clear. We reviewed the recent literature on dietary ALA intake, ALA tissue concentrations, and cardiovascular health in humans. Short-term trials (6–12 weeks) in generally healthy participants mostly showed no or inconsistent effects of ALA intake (1.2–3.6 g/d) on blood lipids, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoproteins A-I and B. Studies of ALA in relation to inflammatory markers and glucose metabolism yielded conflicting results. With regard to clinical cardiovascular outcomes, there is observational evidence for a protective effect against nonfatal myocardial infarction. However, no protective associations were observed between ALA status and risk of heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and sudden death. Findings from long-term trials of ALA supplementation are awaited to answer the question whether food-based or higher doses of ALA could be important for cardiovascular health in cardiac patients and the general populatio
Adherence to guidelines strongly improves reproducibility of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation.
No full textBACKGROUND: Brachial artery FMD is widely used as a non-invasive measure of endothelial function. Adherence to expert guidelines is believed to be of vital importance to obtain reproducible measurements. We conducted a systematic review of studies reporting on the reproducibility of the FMD in order to determine the relation between adherence to current expert guidelines for FMD measurement and its reproducibility. METHODS: Medline-database was searched through July 2015 and 458 records were screened for FMD reproducibility studies reporting the mean difference and variance of repeated FMD measurements. An adherence score was assigned to each of the included studies based on reported adherence to published guidelines on the assessment of brachial artery FMD. A Typical Error Estimate (TEE) of the FMD was calculated for each included study. The relation between the FMD TEE and the adherence score was investigated by means of Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies involving 48 study groups and 1537 subjects were included in the analyses. The adherence score ranged from 2.4 to 9.2 (out of a maximum of 10) and was strongly and inversely correlated with FMD TEE (adjusted R(2) = 0.36, P < 0.01). Use of automated edge-detection software, continuous diameter measurement, true peak diameter for %FMD calculation, a stereostatic probe holder, and higher age emerged as factors associated with a lower FMD TEE. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that adherence to current expert consensus guidelines and applying contemporary techniques for measuring brachial artery FMD decreases its measurement error
Dietary oils, serum lipoproteins, and coronary heart disease.
No full textVariable amounts of olive oil rather than hard fats were used in classic Mediterranean diets. We review the effects of replacing hard fats with olive oils or starchy foods on blood lipoprotein concentrations. The saturated fatty acids lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids raise both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) somewhat compared with oleic acid. If any fat is replaced by carbohydrates, fasting triglyceride values rise and HDL concentrations fall; effects on LDL depend on the type of fat that is being replaced. Trans isomers of oleic acid lower HDL and raise LDL and lipoprotein(a). The fatty acids in unhydrogenated fish oil potently lower triglycerides but may raise LDL somewhat. When body weight is forcibly kept constant, substitution of unsaturated oils such as olive oil for hard fats rich in saturated or trans fatty acids will produce a more favorable lipoprotein profile than replacement of fat by carbohydrates. However, high-oil diets might lead to obesity, which would undo their favorable effects
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