1,721,140 research outputs found
The Hidden Beginnings of a Breakthrough: Lina Bo Bardi’s First Steps in Brazil
Full text linkItalian-born architect Lina Bo Bardi always claimed that she had moved to Brazil in the aftermath of World War II because the freedom ideas of the Italian Resistance had been betrayed. Recent studies argue she was merely accompanying her husband, Pietro Maria Bardi, who was organizing art exhibitions in Rio de Janeiro. However, as documented by the correspondence published here for the first time, Bo Bardi did not embark on the journey to the New World because of the failures of the Italian Resistance or simply as a companion to her husband: she had been charged with the task of ensuring Brazil’s participation in the eighth edition of the Triennale di Milano (1947). On the basis of the correspondence documenting this assignment, this essay fills a historiographic gap and, more importantly, aims to radically revise the narrative around the initial phase of Bo Bardi’sstay in Brazil, the country she increasingly felt asher own and where she eventually spent her en-tire life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Phylogenomics and microRNAs congruently resolve the ecdysozoan phylogeny
No full textEcdysozoa, the group including Nematoda (roundorms) and the Arthropoda (e.g. spiders, centipedes, insects andcrustaceans), include the largest majority of Earth biodiversity and biomass. The monophyly of thisassemblage of phyla as long been debated and has only recently been confirmed by the analyses of completeanimal genomes. However, the relationships within this group remain uncertain. We assembled large-scalephylogenomic data sets, and identified the nearly complete microRNA repertoire (also sequencing small RNAlibraries) for a representative sample of ecdysozoan species. These independent genomic-scale data sets wereanalysed and the relationships among the Ecdysoza resolved by means of congruence. We were able to show thatof the two generally accepted ecdysozoan clades (the Panarthropoda and the Cycloneuralians) only the first, whichincludes the Arthropoda, the Tardigrada (water bears) and the Onychophora (velvet worms), is monophyletic. Thesecond, Cycloneuralia, most likely represents a paraphyletic assemblage of phyla. In addition, we were able toshow that within Panarthropoda, the velvet worms represent the sister group of the Arthropoda with the water bearsrepresenting the sister group of the Arthropoda plus Onychophora. Our results substantially clarify the relationshipsamong the Ecdysozoa and provide an invaluable framework to understand evolutionary patterns (both genomic and morphological) within this group
Not only better sampling, but also better modelling
No full textMost, if not all, of the sites in a sequence do not evolve according to the same pattern; this is because each residue is characterised by specific biophysical environments and different evolutionary constraints. Homogenous models of sequence evolution fail to account for this assumption and may, for example, misinterpret the non-phylogenetic signal embedded in highly saturated positions; indeed, the deeper the nodes in the phylogeny, the higher the risk of falling in such type of systematic error. An effecting way of overcoming this problem is the employment of among-site heterogeneous models of sequence evolution. Here we outline various examples of how these models, most of which belongs to the “CAT-family”, have helped producing phylogenies that significantly differs to those obtained using homogenous models. Examples span from arthropods to rodents, and from large phylogenomic to mitogenomic and classical
rRNA datasets. Not only heterogeneous models are clear improvement in term of fit to the datasets, but notably recover phylogenies more congruent with morphology and other sources of evidence. We also show that the use of among-site heterogeneous models also affects molecular clock estimates, which are
typically older when using homogeneous models in nodes describing radiations of fast evolving species. Although both an adequate taxon and gene sampling are needed to address many phylogenetic problems, we advocate that more importance should be given to the accurate modelling of sequences rather than to massive harvesting of data, except if this allows to break long branche
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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