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ATTIVITA' INIBENTE DEGLI ESTRATTI ACQUOSI DI INULA VISCOSA E PELARGONIUM GRAVEOLENS SULL'ACCRESCIMENTO "IN VITRO" DI FUNGHI FITOPATOGENI
No full textFungistatic activity of essential oils of Laurus nobilis, Mentha X Piperita and Ruta graveolens against Rhizoctonia solani Kunn and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (L.) De Bary
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Lemon post-harvest decay control by natural products
No full textPostharvest diseases of lemon fruits represent one of the most severe sources of loss production. They are controlled by imazalil (IMZ), thiabendazole (TBZ) and sodium ortho-phenil-phenate (SOPP) registered fungicides for postharvest treatments. Nowadays, the chemical use is becoming more restricted for environmental concerns and development of fungicide-tolerance strains of fungal pathogens. In the last few years a renewed interest in alternative methods of postharvest decay control has been increasing and the research for natural products has provided encouraging results. The aim of this research has been the in vitro and in vivo effectiveness evaluation of six essences (garlic, cloves, oregano, mint, geranium and eugenol) and three mineral products (sodium bicarbonate, metabisulphite and kaoline) against Penicillium digitatum Sacc. and Phytophthora citrophthora (R. e E. Sm.) Leonian, the main responsible agents of postharvest decay in lemon fruit. In the in vitro assay, the essences and mineral substances were tested, in 2006-2008, at different concentrations using the Grover and Moore method. In the in vivo trial the products were tested on mature lemons both on intact (or unwounded) and wounded fruits, the latter previously infected with Penicillium spores and a Phytophthora colony fragments. In both experiments fruits were sprayed with products at different concentrations, air dried and stored at 5°C for 5 weeks. In vitro results, oregano, geranium and cloves essential oils showed a better inhibition against P. citrophthora at all concentrations in comparison to garlic and mint oils, that were effective only at the highest concentration. Only mint essential oil showed a good inhibition against P. digitatum at all concentrations. Geranium, oregano, eugenol, sodium bicarbonate and metabisulphite in vivo treatments, on intact (or unwounded) fruits showed a higher control against both fungi as well as IMZ treatment. On artificially infected lemons, the results showed the higher efficacy of IMZ compared to a light inhibent activity of natural products. Among the natural products, a better inhibition was obtained by mint essential oil against Penicillium while geranium, cloves, oregano and eugenol oils were more effective against Phytophthora
On the apple proliferation symptom display and the canopy colonization pattern of “Candidatus Phytoplasma mali” in apple trees
No full textNotwithstanding the availability of several different real time PCR protocols for "Candidatus Phytoplasma mali", it is still unclear how informative is the estimation of the concentration of phytoplasma cells in the leaves of apple proliferation infected trees, and how the reliability of the estimations may be affected by an erratic and uneven distribution of the pathogen in the host. Here we investigated these issues systematically and showed that phytoplasma concentration varies significantly among seasons, but not between two cultivars that appeared to have different degree of susceptibility on the basis of the symptoms displayed. In fully symptomatic trees sampled at the end of the season the phytoplasmas were detectable in most leaves, but in more than half of the leaves at low concentrations. Both the pattern of colonization of the canopy and the amount of phytoplasmas varied greatly in trees that show symptom remission, although a direct relation between symptom severity and colonization could not be established. The sampling of the apple canopy for the purpose of evaluation of concentration of "Candidatus Phytoplasma mali" should take into consideration the complex pattern of colonization and seasonal variation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Identification and characterization of Phytophthora species causing root and crown rot of olive in Sicily
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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