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    The late Messinian Lago-Mare episode in the Mediterranean Basin: Preliminary report on the occurrence of Paratethyan ostracod faunafrom central Crete (Greece)

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    Dans l’ıˆle de Cre`te, les facie`s du Lago Mare du Messinien supe ́rieur ne sont pas bien connus. Actuellement, la pre ́sence dans l’Iˆle de Cre`te des de ́poˆ ts post-e ́vaporitiques du Messinien supe ́rieur est une question qui fait de ́bat. Dans ce travail, on pre ́sente les re ́sultats pre ́liminaires des analyses biostratigraphiques re ́alise ́es sur des e ́chantillons pre ́leve ́s dans des affleurements de la Plaine de Messara`. Pre`s de Faneromeni et Ano Akria, la limite Mioce`ne/Plioce`ne est bien observable. Ici, les de ́poˆ ts e ́vaporitiques du Messinien sont caracte ́rise ́s par des argiles contenant du gypse, du gypse microcristallin lamine ́ et des gypsorudites. Dans ces zones, on a trouve ́ au-dessus des e ́vaporites du Messinien des argiles polychromes finement lamine ́es. Les argiles grises et les conglome ́rats du Plioce`ne se trouvent discordants sur les de ́poˆts post-e ́vaporitiques du Messinien supe ́rieur a` Faneromeni comme a` Ano Akria. Dans les deux coupes, l’e ́chantillonnage a e ́te ́ re ́alise ́ tous les 20 cm (total de 100 e ́chantillons). Les re ́sultats des analyses micropale ́ontologiques montrent la pre ́sence des ostracodes suivants : Loxocauda limata (Schneider in Agalarova et al.), Loxocauda sp., Cytherura pyrama Schneider, Cyprideis anlavauxensis Carbonnel, Cyprideis agrigentina Decima, Amnicythere palimpsesta (Livental), Amnicythere propinqua (Livental), Amnicythere accicularia (Olteanu), Amnicythere costata (Olteanu), Amnicythere multituberculata (Livental), Amnicythere sp. D (Miculan in Bassetti et al.), Amnicythere sp. 2 Gliozzi and Grossi, Amnicythere sp., Euxinocythere (Maeotocythere) praebaquana (Livental in Agalarova et al.), Mediocytherideini indet., Pontoniella pontica (Agalarova), Camptocypria sp. 1 Gliozzi and Grossi, Caspiocypris sp., Zalanyiella venusta (Zalanyi), Tyrrhenocythere sp., Loxoconcha rhombovalis Pokorny, Loxoconcha eichwaldi Livental, Loxoconcha sp. A (Miculan in Bassetti et al.), Loxocorniculina djafarovi (Schneider in Suzin). On a trouve ́ aussi dans les e ́chantillons analyse ́s des foraminife`res planctoniques remanie ́s et des gyrogonites de Characeae bien conserve ́s. Les associations d’ostracodes trouve ́es dans la Plaine de Messara` appartiennent a` la Zone a` Loxocorniculina djafarovi (sensu Carbonnel, 1978), qui caracte ́rise les de ́poˆ ts du Messinien supe ́rieur dans tout le bassin me ́diterrane ́en. A cette pe ́riode, le facie`s bien connu du Lago Mare existait aussi dans l’Iˆle de Cre`te. La pre ́sence des ostracodes parate ́thysiens dans les de ́poˆ ts post-e ́vaporitiques du Messinien, a` Faneromeni et a` Ano Akria, sugge`re que des conditions de se ́dimentation sous-aquatique en milieu saumaˆtre se sont de ́veloppe ́es en Cre`te pendant le Messinien supe ́rieur.In the Crete Island, late Messinian Lago-Mare facies are not well known. At present, the occurrence in Crete of the uppermost Messinian post evaporitic deposits is a matter of debate. According to several authors, the well-known late Messinian Lago-Mare facies does not occur in Crete. In this paper the preliminary results obtained from the biostratigraphical analysis of some sections sampled in the Messara` Plain will be shown. Nearby Faneromeni and Ano Akria villages, the Miocene/Pliocene boundary is well exposed. There, gypsum-bearing clay, laminated microcrystalline gypsum and gypsum-rudites characterize the evaporitic deposits of the Messinian stage. In these areas, above the Messinian evaporite, post-evaporitic fine-laminated polychrome clays, with intercalations of sandstones and conglomerates, have been found. In both the Faneromeni and Ano Akria area, the Pliocene grey clays and conglomerates rest unconformably on the uppermost Messinian post-evaporitic deposits. A 20 cm-spaced sampling has been performed in both the sections, for more than 100 samples collected. The results of the micropaleontological analysis performed on the Faneromeni and Ano Akria sections point to the occurrence of ostracod assemblages containing: Loxocauda limata (Schneider in Agalarova et al.), Loxocauda sp., Cytherura pyrama Schneider, Cyprideis anlavauxensis Carbonnel, Cyprideis agrigentina Decima, Amnicythere palimpsesta (Livental), Amnicythere propinqua (Livental), Amnicythere accicularia (Olteanu), Amnicythere costata (Olteanu), Amnicythere multituberculata (Livental), Amnicythere sp. D (Miculan in Bassetti et al.), Amnicythere sp. 2 Gliozzi and Grossi, Amnicythere sp., Euxinocythere (Maeotocythere) praebaquana (Livental in Agalarova et al.), Mediocytherideini indet., Pontoniella pontica (Agalarova), Camptocypria sp. 1 Gliozzi and Grossi, Caspiocypris sp., Zalanyiella venusta (Zalanyi), Tyrrhenocythere sp., Loxoconcha rhombovalis Pokorny, Loxoconcha eichwaldi Livental, Loxoconcha sp. A (Miculan in Bassetti et al.), Loxocorniculina djafarovi (Schneider in Suzin). In the analysed samples, reworked planktonic foraminifers and well-preserved charophyte gyrogonites have been also found. The ostracod assemblages found in the Messara` Plain belong to the Loxocorniculina djafarovi Zone (sensu Carbonnel, 1978), which characterizes the uppermost Messinian deposits of the whole Mediterranean Basin. At that time, the well-known Lago-Mare biofacies was also widespread on the Crete Island. The presence of Paratethyan ostracods in the post-evaporitic Messinian deposits of both Faneromeni and Ano Akria sections suggests that in the Crete Island the latest Messinian sedimentation took place in brackish water palaeoenvironments

    Late Miocene ostracod assemblages from eastern Mediterranean coral-reef complexes (central Crete, Greece)

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    Ostracods from ten Late Miocene coral reef complexes built by Siderastrea, Tarbellastrea and Porites, cropping out in the Messara Plain (southern Iraklion basin, central Crete), have been investigated and five assemblages have been recognised, which point to different marine environments: (1) assemblage from the basal sandy silts, dominated by very shallow inner-infralittoral species, such as Cyamocytheridea meniscus, Cyamocytheridea obstipa, Cyamocytheridea dertonensis, Cytheretta semiornata and Nonurocythereis seminulum; (2) assemblage from the coral reef complexes within which Grinioneis haidingeri, Aurila cicatricosa, Cimbaurila diecii, Tenedocythere cruciata, Pokornyella italica and Callistocythere quadrangula are dominant and point to a stable inner-infralittoral environment characterised by warm, quiet and well-oxygenated waters; (3) assemblage from the silts intercalated among the coral reef complexes, mainly characterised by Neomonoceratina laskarevi, Cytheridea acuminata, Phlyctenophora farkasi and Aurila albicans together with Callistocythere spp., Xestoleberis communis and Xestoleberis dispar, which points to a very shallow marine environment rich in aquatic vegetation; (4) assemblage from the upper silts, which records the absolute dominance of Xestoleberis species, reflecting a very shallow and highly-vegetated environment and (5) assemblage from the uppermost silty clays, dominated by Hemicytherura defiorei, Xestoleberis spp. and Palmoconcha dertobrevis, accompanied by Acanthocythereis hystrix, Cytherella scutulum, Bairdoppilata conformis, Semicytherura spp., Krithe sp., Cytheropteron alatum, Bythocypris sp. and Pseudocythere caudata, which suggest deeper marine environments probably located in the outer infralittoral/inner-circalittoral zones. The studied section has been dated by means of calcareous nannoplankton to be not younger than Zone MNN9 (Early Tortonian), which is the biostratigraphical datum recorded in the fine-grained deposits that overlie the coral reef complexes. An age not older than Tortonian can be inferred by the stratigraphical distribution of the recognized ostracods. Thus, the coral reef complexes have been tentatively referred to the Early Tortonian

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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