1,720,954 research outputs found
ROLE OF INDUCED NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE IN NOCICEPTION AND OROFACIAL DISTRESS IN RATS SUBMITTED TO DENTAL BLEACHING WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
No full textO peróxido de hidrogênio apresenta efeitos deletérios aos tecidos dentais, ocasionando
dor e sensibilidade em muitos pacientes submetidos ao clareamento, em decorrência do
estresse oxidativo e da inflamação induzida por este composto. O óxido nítrico (ON) é
uma das mais importantes espécies reativas de oxigênio para indução de toxicidade
mediada por células fagocitárias, que sintetizam o ON por meio da oxido nítrico sintase
induzida (iNOS). Diante disso, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o papel da
iNOS na nocicepção e desconforto orofacial em ratas submetidas a clareamento dental
com peróxido de hidrogênio a 35%. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 72 ratas da linhagem Wistar
que foram aleatoriamente divididos em três grupos experimentais: um grupo sham
submetido à simulação do tratamento clareador e tratado com salina, um grupo controle
submetido ao tratamento clareador e tratado com salina e um grupo teste submetido a
tratamento clareador e bloqueio farmacológico da iNOS com aminoguanidina (AG). Os
animais foram pesados diariamente ao longo do protocolo experimental. Após 24h, 48h
e 7dias, os animais foram eutanasiados por sobredose anestésica e coletados os glânglios
trigeminais bilaterais para processamento e análise histológica. Os animais eutanasiados
após sete dias foram submetidos a estudo de comportamento diariamente até o dia de
eutanásia (escalas de Grimace e somatório do número de coçadas e mordidas). Após
análise de comportamento, foi realizado o ensaio de nocicepção, usando filamentos de
fibra de Von Frey de um analgesímetro digital (Bronther®). Além disso, durante todos
os dias de estudo, os animais foram pesados para a análise da variação do peso corporal.
A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste ANOVA -1-way ou -2-way, seguido do
pós-teste de Bonferroni sendo considerado nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados
obtidos indicam que a aminoguanidina reverte a nocicepção e a redução do gânglio
trigeminal. Nenhum animal dos grupos teste e Sham apresentaram escores maiores do
que zero, ademais os animais tratados com AG apresentaram maior limiar de nocicepção
massetérica em comparação ao grupo controle negativo, que demonstrou redução
significante do limiar entre os dias 3, 4 e 5 (p<0.001). Esses resultados se repetem em
relação à variação da massa corpórea, pois, o grupo tratado com AG apresentou o mesmo
comportamento do sham, sem perda de peso significativa ao longo do experimento.
Quanto à avaliação dos corpos neuronais, o grupo salina apresentou redução significativa
da área média dos corpos neuronais em comparação ao grupo Sham e ao grupo tratado
com AG (p=0.019). Diante disso, conclui-se que a enzima iNOS exerce importante papel
na nocicepção e desconforto orofacial em ratas submetidas a clareamento dentário com
peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% e AG apresenta efeito protetor em gânglios trigeminais.Hydrogen peroxide has deleterious effects on dental tissues, causing pain and sensitivity
in many patients undergoing bleaching, due to oxidative stress and inflammation induced
by this compound. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important reactive oxygen species
for inducing toxicity mediated by phagocytic cells, which synthesize NO through induced
nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the role of iNOS in
nociception and orofacial discomfort in female rats submitted to tooth whitening with
35% hydrogen peroxide. For this purpose, 72 female Wistar rats were randomly divided
into three experimental groups: a sham group submitted to the simulation of bleaching
treatment and treated with saline, a control group submitted to bleaching treatment and
treated with saline, and a test group submitted to to bleaching treatment and
pharmacological blockade of iNOS with aminoguanidine (AG). Animals were weighed
daily throughout the experimental protocol. After 24h, 48h and 7days, the animals were
euthanized by anesthetic overdose and bilateral trigeminal ganglia were collected for
processing and histological analysis. The animals euthanized after seven days were
submitted to a daily behavioral study until the day of euthanasia (Grimace scales and the
sum of the number of scratches and bites). After behavior analysis, the nociception test
was performed using von Frey fiber filaments from a digital analgesimeter (Bronther®).
In addition, during all study days, the animals were weighed to analyze the change in
body weight. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA -1-way or -2-way test,
followed by the Bonferroni post-test with a significance level of 5%. The results obtained
indicate that aminoguanidine reverses nociception and trigeminal ganglion reduction.
None of the animals in the test and Sham groups had scores greater than zero, and the
animals treated with GA had a higher masseteric nociception threshold compared to the
negative control group, which showed a significant reduction in the threshold between
days 3, 4 and 5 (p< 0.001). These results are repeated in relation to the variation of body
mass, as the group treated with AG presented the same behavior as the sham, without
significant weight loss throughout the experiment. As for the evaluation of neuronal
bodies, the saline group showed a significant reduction in the mean area of the neuronal
bodies compared to the Sham group and the group treated with AG (p=0.019). Therefore,
it is concluded that the iNOS enzyme plays an important role in nociception and orofacial
discomfort in rats submitted to tooth whitening with 35% hydrogen peroxide and AG has
a protective effect on trigeminal ganglia
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
