1,721,682 research outputs found
18. Galluccio G., Pilotto A.: Genetics of Dental Agenesis: Anterior and Posterior Area of the arch Eur Arch Paediatr Dent.
No full textGenetics of dental agenesis: anterior and posterior area of the arch
No full textAIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not dental agenesis is regulated by genes and, in those cases under genetic control, if there were differences between incisors-canines and premolars-molars in the genetic transmission of agenesis. METHODS: This study was conducted on all patients who presented for a clinical evaluation in the Orthodontic Unit of the Department of Dentistry between 2001 and 2002. All patients were screened for dental agenesis. At the end of the selection process, 17 patients with dental agenesis, 6 to 20 years of age, were questioned about their family dental history for the purpose of constructing family trees and 15 family trees were constructed. The patients were questioned regarding any dental anomalies present. Panoramic radiographs, casts, and dental examinations were performed on the patients. For the patient's relatives, panoramic radiographs and oral histories were generally collected. RESULTS: The most often missing teeth were mandibular second premolars. On the basis of the family trees, the data allowed for the identification of two different groups: 1) 9 families had dental agenesis as a function of genetic transmission and 2) 6 families exhibited dental agenesis as a sporadic condition. In the former group of patients, agenesis primarily involved the maxillary lateral incisors. This appeared to be transmitted as an autosomal dominant characteristic, with variable expression and incomplete penetrance. In these families, both in individuals with and without agenesis, other anomalies were present, such as supernumerary teeth, microdontia, and anomalous teeth. In these cases, agenesis was one of the manifestations of an anomaly of the dental lamina, specifically mild dysplasia. In the latter group of patients, agenesis was a characteristic present only in orthodontic patients. In this group, agenesis most commonly involved the second molars and the second premolars. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that agenesis of anterior teeth may depend on genes, while agenesis of posterior teeth is sporadic
Digital Technologies in Cognitive Disorders
No full textThe increasing percentage of patients affected by dementia calls for effective cognitive screening in healthcare in order to identify early signs of cognitive neurodegeneration which could possibly lead to early intervention. Characteristic of new Digitized Cognitive Assessment (DCA) is the ability to provide accurate measurement of more variables. Indeed, cognitive assessment using digital technology offers new opportunities to overcome the limitations of current assessments. The digital assessment can be applied in different settings including the clinic even together with “classical” neuropsychology assessment or at home. In addition to this, the assessment can be applied in supervised conditions, i.e., applied and explained by trained specialists or in unsupervised conditions in self-administered test. Several different computerized cognitive tests have been developed to detect cognitive decline. For AD and MCI in general, several specific tests have been developed including CANTAB, Cogstate, and NIH toolbox. ‘Cognitive training’ is defined as an intervention consisting of repeated practice on standardized exercises for the purpose of benefiting cognitive function. Computer-based cognitive training (CCT), including exercises, virtual reality, and gaming, offers highly accessible, low-cost, standardized interventions. Many studies demonstrated significant benefit in specific domains of cognitive functions in older adults; additionally, computerized and online cognitive training in adults without dementia may improve daily functioning and psychological well-being. Sensory and motor changes play an important role in cognitive decline. Mobile and wearable digital technology assessing changes in mobility and daily function represents a growing area of interest for researchers. Other interesting topics are analyses on voice, ocular movement and fine motor dexterity, sleep disorders, and autonomic dysfunction that can now be evaluated using small sensors and mobile applications. Also, data coming from phones and mental health applications could generate important data for understanding the daily relevance of cognitive deficits. Further research is needed in this area, as the use of GPS sensors and metrics coming from daily personal mobile phones definitively needs an adequate regulation and the development of specific privacy policies concerning personal data
Digital assessment at home — mPower against Parkinson disease
No full textResults of a new study have shown the enormous potential of smartphone-collected, real-world data for the differentiation of patients with Parkinson disease from controls. This study spearheads a new phase for the evaluation of symptoms associated with Parkinson disease that is patient-centred, digital, objective, continuous and relevant to everyday life
Helicobacter pylori “resistente”. La gestione del paziente con infezione da Helicobacter pylori resistente alla terapia
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