583 research outputs found
Children and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Transmission: A Step Closer to Better Understanding and Evidence-Based Interventions?
No full textNo abstract availabl
Congenital toxoplasmosis treatment
No full textObjectives: Congenital toxoplasmosis is a particular manifestation of T. gondii infection, which may present as a mild or severe neonatal disease. This pathology remains a difficult challenge in terms of therapy for the pediatrician and gynecologist. In this article we have set ourselves the objective to provide an overview of the main aspects of the disease, with particular attention to the treatment,
based on the information in the literature.
Results: Two kinds of treatment are currently available: prenatal and postnatal. When pregnant
women seroconvert, spiramycin is administered in order to prevent the mother-to-child transmission.
When the fetal infection is confirmed the association of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine is
prescribed. After the birth the specific therapy is based on the administration of pyrimethamine
and sulfadiazine. However, to date, there is not strong evidence on the effectiveness of treatment,
whether prenatal or postnatal.
Conclusions: The studies undertaken so far have not given satisfactory answers. Doubleblind
randomized controlled trials would be required, but for obvious ethical reasons they cannot
be achieved
Continuità e rotture nella riproduzione dei divari sociali in Italia
No full textIl capitolo analizza l’evoluzione delle disuguaglianze sociali in Italia negli ultimi cinquant’anni, individuando continuità e cambiamenti nei processi di riproduzione dei divari socioeconomici. Lo studio si focalizza su quattro dimensioni chiave: istruzione, lavoro, abitazione e salute, inquadrandole nel contesto dei profondi mutamenti economici, politici e culturali che hanno attraversato il Paese tra gli anni Settanta e il periodo attuale. Attraverso un’analisi comparativa con altri paesi europei (Francia, Germania, Spagna, Polonia e Danimarca), il capitolo mostra come la mobilità sociale in Italia sia ancora fortemente condizionata dall’origine familiare. Nonostante un’espansione dell’istruzione superiore, la trasmissione intergenerazionale delle disuguaglianze rimane elevata, con differenze marcate nei livelli di istruzione raggiunti e nei benefici occupazionali e salariali. L’accesso al lavoro evidenzia criticità crescenti, in particolare per i giovani: la precarizzazione e l’aumento del lavoro temporaneo hanno ostacolato la stabilizzazione economica delle nuove generazioni, incidendo sulla loro transizione alla vita adulta. Sul fronte abitativo, il modello italiano è caratterizzato da un’elevata proprietà della casa, spesso ereditata, che contribuisce alla riproduzione delle disuguaglianze. Tuttavia, persistono forti disparità nella qualità degli alloggi e nell’accesso al credito.
Per quanto riguarda la salute, l’Italia ha mantenuto buoni livelli di copertura sanitaria universale, ma le disuguaglianze sociali continuano a riflettersi nelle condizioni di salute della popolazione, con differenze nei tassi di morbilità e mortalità legate al reddito e alla posizione occupazionale. Infine, l’analisi evidenzia come il welfare italiano abbia subito una progressiva riduzione della capacità redistributiva, con una frammentazione delle politiche sociali che ha acuito le disuguaglianze. Il capitolo conclude sottolineando la necessità di politiche pubbliche più incisive per contrastare il perpetuarsi dei divari sociali e favorire una maggiore equità nelle opportunità di realizzazione personale e collettiva
Can Interferon-γ Release Assays Be Useful for Monitoring the Response to Anti-tuberculosis Treatment?: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textThe number of studies which evaluated interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) results after anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment has been rapidly increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of IGRAs (QFT-GIT, T-SPOT.TB, QFT-Plus) in assessing the response to anti-TB treatment. We searched all studies in English language published from 1 October 2011 to 18 November 2018 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Our search included the term "tuberculosis treatment AND interferon-γ release assay". We included studies evaluating the performance of commercial IGRAs (including QFT-GIT, T-SPOT.TB and QFT-Plus) before and after the anti-TB treatment. We performed subgroup analysis based on the age (children, adults), type of TB (active, latent, active and latent, and contacts exposed to MDR defined as MDR LTBI), type of IGRAs (QFT-GIT and T-SPOT.TB), and follow-up interval (2, 3, 4, 6, 9 months). Of the 18 included studies, 12 used QFT-GIT for assessment of IGRA performance after therapy, 1 used T-SPOT.TB, and 3 used both QFT-GIT and T-SPOT.TB. Since then, only two studies have assessed the QFT-Plus performance during therapy. According to the results of the meta-analysis, the pooled rate of positive IGRAs (QFT-GIT and T-SPOT.TB) following anti-TB therapy was estimated at 76% [95% CI 70-81%] and no difference was found compared to the pooled positive rate of IGRAs before initiation of therapy which was 76% [95% CI 60-89%]. The subgroup analysis showed that the pooled rate of positive IGRAs (QFT-GIT and T-SPOT.TB) after anti-TB therapy was significantly higher in monitoring active TB subjects [80% (95% CI 74-88%)] than LTBI [71% (95% CI 70-81%)]. Available data are now sufficient to suggest that monitoring changes in the IGRAs (QFT-GIT and T-SPOT.TB) response during anti-TB treatment may have limited use in evaluating the effectiveness of treatment, while the monitoring changes in QFT-Plus during anti-tubercular treatment are recommended to determine treatment efficacy or for treatment monitoring. Further research is needed to establish the efficacy of this new assay as marker on a larger scale for treatment monitoring
Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Related With SARS-CoV-2: Immunological Similarities With Acute Rheumatic Fever and Toxic Shock Syndrome
No full textSeveral studies demonstrated that COVID-19 in children is a relatively mild disease. However, recently a more serious condition characterized by systemic inflammation with clinical or microbiological evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 has been described. This syndrome is now known as either "Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome temporally related with COVID-19" (PIMS-TS) (1), or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) (2) and is currently considered a rare post-COVID-19 complication which, in a minority of cases, can lead to death. The signs and symptoms of PIMS-TS are largely overlapping with the for Kawasaki disease (KD) and toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and are characterized, by fever, systemic inflammation, abdominal pain and cardiac involvement. In this study, we describe clinical and immunological characteristics shared by PIMS-TS, acute rheumatic fever and TSS, in order to provide hypotheses to direct future clinical and basic research studies
Utilizzo delle placche riassorbibili in chirurgia maxillo-facciale. Revisione della letteratura
No full textOrbital hemangiopericytoma: Case report of a long-term recurrency
No full textAmong tumors concerning the orbit, hemangiopericytoma is one of the most unusual forms. This tumor has a vascular origin and usually appears as a fleshy, well-circumscribed mass, characterized by slow growth and lack of soreness. Its biological traits include a mostly benign nature, a potential malignancy, and, most of all, a highly frequent recidivation. This study of double recidivation shows this can occur even after a long lapse of time and the new tissue can acquire malignant traits. Finally, we describe the modes of the surgical approach, which aims at intervening the most radical cases to reduce recidivation to a minimum
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