1,721,003 research outputs found
Revitalizing the Wounded Territory: The “Geo-Hiking’s” Potential
No full textThe postmodern society has an urgent need to develop effective strategies in favor of land management and risk prevention: priority objectives that are among the components of resilience. A fundamental tool to achieve these goals is the shared knowledge of the environment where we live. Modern GIS effectively facilitates the whole society in this sense, thanks to its many functions. Moreover, it is perfectly compatible with the Landscape Ecology approach, which considers all the components that characterize the complexity of nature in an integrated way. Knowledge sharing is based on communication: new approaches privilege unconventional modes of communication based on people's emotional and experiential involvement. In this sense, sports in the natural environment become communicative vectors of the environment. Therefore, some case studies in the Marche region, recently hit by the earthquake, are examined. The project has taken care of the realization of a geo-hiking itinerary that connects various geosites of great landscape importance to offer society scientifically valid information about the territory during the tourist fruition of the same to raise awareness of the enhancement of the territory and risk prevention
Earthquake Risk perception, communication and mitigation strategies across Europe.
No full textRisk and disasters are social constructs deriving from an unsustainable human-environment interaction. Earthquake hazard doesn’t create damages and destruction; it is our vulnerability and exposure to such processes that creates the conditions of risk. There is nothing natural about an earthquake disaster, yet the common perception is that humans are victims of nature’s extreme events. Moreover, the ability of a society to respond to earthquakes does not depend primarily on the emergency conditions created by the impact, but rather on the pre-disaster settings and circumstances.
From the agricultural revolution onwards, humans have tried to free themselves from the control of nature by modeling the territory for their
benefit. This, on the one hand, has enabled the social development we enjoy today, yet, on the other, the interaction with natural processes we do not fully understand has created problems of exposure and vulnerability. The consequences went beyond the creation of risk conditions and caused profound changes in environmental cycles contributing to the current geographies of the Anthropocene.
Recent earthquakes, including those in Italy, have unequivocally shown the dominant role of societal vulnerability in creating those disasters. The Mediterranean region, unceasingly affected by strong earthquakes and almost all type of known natural hazards, is very representative of these complex and multi-scale dynamics.
From an examination of the dramatic events that have recently occurred in the central region of Italy, there emerges the need to provide the general public with correct and clear information on the complex scenario characterising this as well as another- country. Experience teaches us that tackling the subject of the prevention of risk and protection from danger (the avoidance of exposure) is very difficult. What is needed is a communicative strategy that informs the public of the characteristics of a territory (understood as a natural and cultural environment) and the relative operative dynamics,
just as one should understand the anatomy and physiology of one’s own body in order to manage and protect it in the best possible way.
Indeed, a disaster is above all a social event (Alexander, 1991; Ligi, 2009; Pelanda, 1981), in which people are actively involved in the process leading to the occurrence of the catastrophe. It is not by chance that the social sciences engaged in the study of disasters in Europe have experienced an important consolidation in recent years; in Italy, especially since the earthquake of L'Aquila onwards, the national scientific production has substantially aligned to the international growth trend. Such vivacity, as Davide Olori (2017) states, does not correspond to a theoretical reconstruction of the proposals, which on the contrary have widened the distances between the different
positions, pursuing - mostly - an applied approach. This volume, instead, is intended to be the first attempt of a proposal that aims to bring together different approaches and viewpoints of scholars from different disciplines on the subjects of reduction, mitigation and communication of earthquake risk: physical and social scientists, physicists, engineers and humanists who participated in the S41 session of the 36th Assembly of the European Seismological Commission which took place in Valletta, Malta from 2 to 7 September 2018, coordinated by Elena Dell’Agnese, Francesco De Pascale, Piero Farabollini, Francesca Romana Lugeri, Fausto Marincioni, and Francesco Muto. This session encouraged abstracts discussing the multiple dimensions of earthquake risk reduction, including, but not limiting to, the following research lines: risk communication and social perception; prevention and population preparedness; community-based approach; adaptive capacity; representation of earthquakes in popular culture; new technologies for investigations of hazards and risk; vulnerability reduction;
disaster governance. As a result, this volume, has collected several contributions presented during this session to which other interesting
proposals of scholars presented after the publication of the Call for Book chapters of the series have been added. Hence, this book is an output of a rigorous review of those proposals and contributions. The volume is divided into three sections:
1) Mitigation Strategies of Seismic Risk Communication;
2) Communication and Prevention Strategies of Seismic Risk.
3) Resilience and Post-Disaster Recovery.
In the first section, “Mitigation Strategies of Seismic Risk Communication”, Cüneyt Tüzün, Ahmet Anıl Dindar, Aybige Akıncı (2019) explain one of the most comprehensive and challenging disaster mitigation strategy being applied in Turkey based on the real experience since the 1999 earthquakes. Mikhail Rodkin and Vladilen Pisarenko (2019) deal with a review of a series of previous publications by authors about the methods of statistical analysis of seismic regime and related damages. The work of Alper Uzun and Burak Oglakci (2019) covers the prevention and risk management studies to be done before an earthquake occurs, focusing on awareness level and risk governance. Chiara Braucher and Mattia Giandomenici (2019) would propose the proactive and participative approach to the Environment Construction at large, including the “direct intervention from settled communities - still persistent but in serious decrease all around the world - as an important strategy for risk mitigation, an alternative to the profit-based narrations of political decisions”. In the second section “Communication and
Prevention Strategies of Seismic Risk”, Volterrani’s chapter (2019) presents and discusses a draft model for the prevention of communication in relation to risk of disasters and other types of crisis, starting from the experience of the Italian campaign “I do not risk”, and, finally, to risk of radicalization of second young migrant generation. Andrea Cerase’s work (2019) considered the media coverage of scientific issues during the Emilia 2012 and Amatrice 2016 seismic crisis by the four most circulating Italian national newspapers within the 31 days following the first earthquake shock, through a comparative analysis. The contribution of Piero Farabollini (2019) aims to illustrate, through a sort of alphabet the activity of the commissioner, the legislative and financial system and the route - with the relative rules to reach the objectives - necessary to give society the due guarantees. The study of Fausto Marincioni, Eleonora Gioia, Mirco Zoppi and Elena Vittadini (2019) investigates, through a questionnaire, food management in the case of the earthquakes of 24 August 2016 in Central Italy, assessing survivors’ ability
to access food (food security) and the field kitchens practices to ensure hygiene and avoid food-borne disease outbreak (food safety).
In the third section “Resilience and Post-Disaster Recovery”, Maurizio Indirli’s work (2019) presents an excursus through the ages and a brief (not exhaustive, of course) state-of-the-art regarding “resilience”, pointing out some open questions of the current debate among researchers of different disciplines, working in the fields of hazard mitigation, sustainability, risk assessment, heritage preservation, and so on.
Piero Farabollini, Francesca Romana Lugeri and other authors (2019) deal with the case study of the 2016 central Italy, describing the reverse seismic sequence and the geological effects. The work of Silvia Mugnano, Fabio Carnelli and Sara Zizzari (2019) aims
to discuss what needs to be tackled by response and recovery disaster management policies when second homes are involved, by considering also the expectations and intentions of the affected owners with regards to tourists needs included in the redevelopment plans.
Finally, the chapter of Teresa Carone, Giulio Burattini and Fausto Marincioni (2019) aims to clarify the influence of territorial bonds on social
resilience of small mountainous communities in the aftermath of the August 24, 2016 central Italy earthquake
Application of the computerised cartography to the territory management: the geomorphological map of palaeolandslides in the Velino River Valley (Central Apennines, Italy)
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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