1,720,962 research outputs found
A Mathematical Simulation Model for Water Resources Management in Multipurpose Scenarios
No full textWater resource management at the basin scale involves a variety of uses of the resource and the schematization of the hydrographic network, hence this problem may have a very complex solution. When severe droughts are concerned, the problem can be split depending on whether large reservoirs are present or lacking. In the first case, the problem mainly regards long term management of the stored water; in the second case, emergency interventions must be taken into consideration. Two mathematical models have been studied and developed in order to face these problems, taking into consideration the most common water uses and implying flexibility in the schematization of the hydraulic network. The first model bases its algorithms upon regionalization procedures of flow parameters and gives as output an evaluation of the water resource available. The second software tool simulates the allocation of the water resource for multipurpose uses. The algorithm is based on a topological sketch of the hydrographic network in terms of “Nodes” and “Links” with computation procedures for managing the water resource. These models have been validated with the case study of the Upper Tiber River, a large area where two multipurpose reservoirs (about 150 200 Mm3 each) are located
Climate change and decision support systems for water resources management in large reservoir
No full textThe issue of the management of water resources requires more and more approaches in which multiple skills and capacities are nested together (Integrated water resources management process), especially when critical situations are taken into account, such as climate change scenarios. The various disciplines involved can be climatology, meteorology, hydrology, ecology, environmental science, agricultural science, water resources engineering, socioeconomics, law and public policy. I n this context, Decision Support Systems (DSS), applied to the management of water resources, play an essential role since they must allow the different stakeholders and competencies involved to summarize results and produce decisions on a common and shared basis. The RIVER software is a DSS for water resource allocation and management which portraits the hydraulic situation in the catchment area with a simple intuitive "node-arc" sketch, at the same time uses simulation algorithms to allow the user to take into consideration many different scenarios of water use according to the principle of "priority-balanced" criteria shared by all stakeholders involved. The case study for the reservoir Montedoglio in the Tiber River Basin, highlights how these principles can be applied for a proactive management of critical scenarios in periods of drought due to climate change hypothesis. In particular, time series of hydrological flow, modulated with drought and climate trends, have been simulated and, as output of the system, indications for preventive interventions to be planned for a correct use of water for irrigation, civil and environmental use have been obtained
Hydraulic control of culvert on floodplain simulation
No full textComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), which is based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Lattice Boltzmann Methods (LBM), has been used formodeling broad alluvial floodplains in the presence of network infrastructures and hydraulic and structural singularities, such as road embankments, levees and bridges. These singularities create computational weighting that is conceptually overcome by: i) efflux laws for bridges; ii) empirical formulas for banks overflow; iii) laws for the synchronous filling of the floodplains. It is also noted that the literature has rarely discussed the flooding of floodplains cut off by permeable road embankments, whose permeability is achieved by
means of culverts. This paper analyzes this particular case and provides a numerical solution that can be easily implemented for engineering applications. Finally, the paper highlights that the gradient of flood hydrograph affects both the numerical procedures to obtain the solution and the width of the integration step
Integrated Water Resources Management in a Lake System: A Case Study in Central Italy
No full textLake Trasimeno is a closed lake in Central Italy and in historically its water level has been affected by wide fluctuations mostly depending on the climate. The lake has suffered many water crises due to water scarcity and in recent decades, droughts have also severely affected the economic and environmental situation. The aim of this study was to analyze the possibility of limiting these severe level fluctuations by evaluating of feasible water resource management policies that could also reduce the environmental stress of this area. Therefore, a specific decision support system (DSS) has been developed in order to simulate different scenarios for the entire water system of the Trasimeno area. In particular, the hydrological model implemented in the DSS allowed for the simulation and validation of different management policy hypotheses for the water resource in order to mitigate environmental and water crises for the Lake Trasimeno. Results indicated that it is possible to transfer a certain amount of water from nearby reservoirs without affecting the availability of the resource for specific users. In this way, Lake Trasimeno can benefit both from an increase in water levels in the lake, so a possible better situation in quantitatively and qualitatively
A WEB-GIS platform for water resource management. The information and communication technologies for environmental sustainability.
No full textWater is strategic but also highly vulnerable natural resource, this because the increasing demand from multiple uses, in many cases competing amongst them, seems to influence the concepts of sustainability of the exploitation. In this context, many are the mathematical models known in bibliography and the approach of the proposed model is focused towards a natural integration of the two processes of evaluation and management of the available water resource, in an operating context that is shared amongst managers, users and the local administration concerned. From the operational point of view, the WRME project (Water Resources Management and Evaluation) is an integrated Decision Support System (DSS) that is not only a platform to exchange information and assessments, but is a tool for conflict resolution, in the management of water resources, and consensus reaching among all participants in the decisional processes. So the “top-down” approach has been replaced with a “bottom-up” approach where all stakeholders become decision makers themselves. Innovations do not only concern the philosophical aspects of management, but also technological aspects. In fact, for the development of this integrated tool a considerable effort in adapting existing technologies and developing new capabilities has been required, especially in the integration of modeling engines in a single GIS platform available on the WEB
Agricultural water management in a multipurpose scenario
No full textThe issue of water resources management requires more approaches in which multiple skills and capacities are nested together (integrated water resources management process), especially when critical situations are taken into account, such as: lake areas and possible climate change scenarios. The various disciplines involved are: climatology, meteorology, hydrology, ecology, environmental science, agricultural science, water resources engineering, socioeconomics, law and public policy. In this context, Decision Support Systems (DSS), applied to the management of water resources, play an essential role since they must allow the different stakeholders and know-hows involved to summarize results and produce decisions on a common and shared basis. The irrigation water use is most common and demanding with respect to other uses and it often enters in competition with other kind of uses for the exploitation of surface water. For this reason a DSS has been studied to support the management of water withdrawals, with particular attention to irrigation use. The Hydrogate Project is a spatial decision support system (SDSS) developed by the University of Perugia and the T4E S.r.l., which is characterized by the integration of hydrological modeling scripts with the capabilities of a GIS system all made available via WEB. So, this WEB-based system, under the control of an administrator, can provide on the one hand the possibility to have a common database of water use and on the other, the possibility to share, with all the stakeholders, this data, results, analysis tools and GIS integration to better assess the available water during the decision-making process
Climate Change and Decision Support Systems for Water Resource Management
No full textAbstractThe management of water resources always requires more and diverse approaches in which multiple skills and capacities are nested together, especially when critical situations are taken into account, such as climate change scenarios. The SimBaT software is a Decision Support Systems for water resource allocation and management. In this study, SimBaT is applied to the Montedoglio reservoir in the Tiber River Basin (Central Italy). The case study highlights how this methodology can be applied for a proactive management of critical scenarios in periods of drought due to climate change hypothesis
Gli ingegneri e il governo dell'economia
No full textIl contributo ricostruisce il profilo della élite di ingegneri che in modo determinante, o comunque significativo, ha partecipato alla modernizzazione del nostro paese dagli albori del capitalismo industriale ai giorni d'oggi. Ne emergono sia il ruolo degli ingegneri alle vicende dell'economia italiana sia la complessità del rapporto che intercorre tra il processo di industrializzazione e le trasformazioni che la professione dell'ingegnere ha conosciuto nel corso degli ultimi due secoli
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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