1,720,978 research outputs found
Perceived-Social Isolation and Cyberbullying Involvement: The Role of Online Social Interaction
Full text linkAlthough perceived social isolation (i.e., feelings of loneliness and a perceived lack of social support) has been shown to be associated with the involvement in cyberbullying behaviors, little is known about the mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship. This study tested the mediating role of a preference for online social interaction in the association between perceived social isolation and cyberbullying involvement. Our findings demonstrated that increasing levels of perceived social isolation were associated with enhanced levels of preference for online social interaction, which in turn were associated with a higher probability of being involved in cyberbullying. These findings contribute significantly to the literature on both cyberbullying involvement and problematic internet use, and provide suggestions for practical applications
Automatic female dehumanization across the menstrual cycle.
No full textIn this study, we investigate whether hormonal shifts during the menstrual cycle contribute to the dehumanization of other women and men. Female participants with different levels of likelihood of conception (LoC) completed a semantic priming paradigm in a lexical decision task. When the word ‘woman’ was the prime, animal words were more accessible in high versus low LoC whereas human words were more inhibited in the high versus low LoC. When the word ‘man’ was used as the prime, no difference was found in terms of accessibility between high and low LoC for either animal or human words. These results show that the female dehumanization is automatically elicited by menstrual cycle-related processes and likely associated with an enhanced activation of mate-attraction goals
Feminine Role Norms Among Australian and Italian Women: a Cross-Cultural Comparison
No full textAustralia and Italy are both nations where complex contradictions exist in the current social roles and expectations for women. The current study used the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory (CFNI: Mahalik et al. 2005) to compare the endorsement of eight feminine norms (Nice in Relationships, Thinness, Care for Children, Modesty, Domestic, Romantic Relationships, Sexual Fidelity, Invest in Appearance) by samples of Australian and Italian women, and to demonstrate how any observed differences relate to social and historical differences between the two nations. Two hundred forty-six female undergraduate students from an inner-city university on the East coast of Australia and 187 female undergraduate students from two universities in North-East Italy completed the CFNI. Comparisons were made between the two samples on the eight norms that the inventory examines. Italian women endorsed the Domestic and Romantic Relationships norms to a greater degree than Australian women, whereas Australian women endorsed the Nice in Relationships, Modesty and Sexual Fidelity norms to a greater degree than Italian women. Both samples endorsed the Thinness, Care for Children and Invest in Appearance norms to a similar degree. The current results are discussed in terms of other relevant findings regarding women’s roles in the two nations. The results both highlight the need to avoid the assumption that Western cultures are uniform with their expectations of women, while emphasizing the central roles that physical appearance and child-rearing still play in women’s social roles
Automatic dehumanization across menstrual cycle
No full textn the current study we address the role of hormonal fluctuations across menstrual cycle in female dehumanization of women and men. Using a sequential priming procedure in a lexical decision task, we test whether increased levels of conception risk lead to dehumanization of other women and men on both animal and human dimensions. Results showed that
raise the question of whether hormonal shifts might also affect mate-attraction goal relevant processes␣␣Differently
from Macrae' study, which has addressed gender-category accessibility across menstrual cycle, we here focus on the dehumanization processes (i.e., tendency of perceiving a given target as lacking of human qualities) during menstrual cycle phases. Specifically, in this study we take advantage of previous work by Piccoli and colleagues (2013), which shows that increased levels of explicit dehumanization of women as whole during the high conception risk phase is a product of the activation of women’s mate-attraction goal. Based on a sequential semantic priming paradigm in a lexical decision task (Blair & Banaij, 1996), we intend to investigate whether women automatically dehumanize other women, but not men, in the high, but not in the low conception risk phase.
Method
Participants
Thirty-five normally ovulating female students from the University of Trieste participated in the current study.
Procedure
Participants took part into a lexical decision task (see Blair & Banaji, 1996 for similar procedure).␣The task included two experimental primes ('woman' and 'man') and two control primes. Targets were 20 words: ten words were associated with animal concepts, and ten words were related to human concepts (for the material, see Viki et al., 2006). An equal number of non-words were included in the experiment.
Results
Determination of conception risk. We relied on the forward-counting method (Gangestad & Thornhill, 1998) to define the day in which the experimental task took place during menstrual cycle (see, Piccoli et al., 2013).
Lexical decision task. A differential score (i.e., correct target categorizations) was computed, subtracting individual reactions times for both the prime man and the prime woman to the individual average reaction times for the control primes. This differential score was calculated separately for human and animal words. Hence, positive scores that differed from zero pointed to accessibility,
for word woman as the prime, animal words were more
accessible in the high than in the low conception risk of the
menstrual cycle; whereas human words were more inhibited
in the high compared to the low conception risk. As for word
man prime, no difference in terms of accessibility was found
between the high and the low conception risk on both animal-
and human-words.
This study demonstrates that dehumanization of women is automatically elicited by
menstrual cycle–related processes and associated with women’s mate-attraction goals
Influence of gender on handwriting of young subjects
No full textDifferent studies concerning gender differences in motor performance of handwriting movements have been carried out in an age range up to 17 years. In this preliminary study, we investigated the influence of gender on handwriting in a sample of young subjects (21-28 years old) in order to examine the possible differences in handwriting process due to gender in this specific age range. The relationship between gender and some kinematic aspects of handwriting was studied by analyzing the script of 84 (42 females and 42 males) university students, randomly recruited at University of Trieste that performed a copying task acquired by a digital tablet and analyzed by a suitable proprietary software. Significant differences between genders were observed in the number of strokes/s and strokes/cm, in the stroke length and duration as well as in the horizontal peak velocity of strokes and pen lift duration. The differences support the hypothesis that females, in this specific age range, write in a less fragmented way, with higher velocity and shorter motor planning time that male peers. In conclusion, although the limited number of candidates, the study confirms that many kinematic parameters can be profitably used to quantify objectively differences between genders in handwriting proces
Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with School Staff Responses to Homophobic Bullying
Full text linkThis cross-sectional research investigates the individual (i.e., sexual prejudice, contact with lesbian and gay [LG] people, and perceived seriousness of homophobic epithets) and contextual (i.e., homophobic bullying observed by school staff and perceived colleague reactions to homophobic bullying) factors as predictors of school staff intervention against vs. legitimization of homophobic bullying. Data were collected in secondary schools in the North of Italy via a paper-and-pencil survey. Participants were school staff members (N = 273) from 24 Italian secondary schools. The results have indicated that the higher the sexual prejudice and the lower the contact with LG individuals, the higher the legitimization of homophobic bullying. Also, perceiving colleagues as legitimizing or intervening in cases of homophobic bullying predicted similar reactions on the part of school staff participants. The findings are discussed with respect to the current literature regarding homophobic bullying, and applied interventions for school staff training programs to tackle homophobic bullying at school are put forward
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The Impact of Homophobic Labels on the Internalized Homophobia and Body Image of Gay Men: The Moderation Role of Coming-Out
Full text linkThis study investigates whether homophobic labels and category-neutral terms are differently appraised as a function of levels of coming-out. After reporting their coming-out status, participants were exposed to either homophobic or category labels and reported their semantic associations, level of internalized homophobia, and body perceptions. Results show that labels were more positively evaluated as participants’ coming-out increased. High–coming-out individuals reported higher internalized homophobia and body concerns in the homophobic rather than category labels condition. Low–coming-out individuals displayed the reverse pattern
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