1,720,961 research outputs found
Children survival in Veneto 1815-70. From the dark age to the dawn of change
Full text linkThe infant mortality rate is universally used as a measure of population health, and it is particularly useful in contexts where limited resources require easily calculated measures. When studying underdeveloped countries or particular historical contexts, for example, an analysis of the dynamics driving to high levels of infant mortality is crucial in order to have a better picture of the society and the population. Since the death of a child is the last and worst outcome of a number of individual, familiar and community variables operating in the very initial part of life, a life course perspective is a good way to approach this issue.
In the thesis it is analyzed and discussed the effect of early life experiences in the short term, using an unpublished 19th century dataset collected in 46 parishes of the North- Eastern Italian region of Veneto. The first part of the study is devoted to the production of classical demographic tools such as life tables, while the second part is a collection of statistical analyses of increasing complexity aimed to increase the knowledge about the special case of Veneto. Large space is given to the debate about the existence of a mortality selection process, in favor of which the thesis provides a series of empirical proofs. Lastly, focussing on a subset of the dataset, the work discusses the role of the daily temperatures on the risk of dying in the first five years of life
Mortality selection in the first three months of life and survival in the following thirty-three months in rural Veneto (North-East Italy) from 1816 to 1835
No full textBackground: A number of studies have examined the influence of life conditions in infancy (and pregnancy) on mortality risks in adulthood or old age. For those individuals who survived difficult life conditions, some scholars have found a prevalence of positive selection (relatively low mortality within the population), while others have observed the prevalence of a so-called scar-effect (relatively high mortality within the population). Objective: Using micro-data characterized by broad internal mortality differences before the demographic transition (seven parishes within the region of Veneto, North-East Italy, 1816-35), we aim to understand whether children who survived high mortality risks during the first three months of life (early infant mortality) had a higher or a lower probability of surviving during the following 33 months (late infant mortality). Methods: Using a Cox regression, we model the risk of dying during the period of 3-35 months of age, considering mortality level survived at age 0-2 months of age as the main explanatory variable. Results: We show that positive selection prevailed. For cohorts who survived very severe early mortality selection (q0-2>400‰, , where the subscripts are months of age), mortality hazard of death during the following 33 months was 20Š-30Š lower compared to the cohorts where early mortality selection was relatively small (q0-2Conclusions: This result points to a homeostatic mechanism: mortality variability among the cohorts is, for q0-35, half that of the mortality variability for both q0-2 and q3-35. Comments: old title: Neonatal selection and mortality in the following months of lif
Early baptism & early mortality
No full textIl capitolo discute la connessione tra ritardo al battesimo e mortalità infantile nel Veneto del XIX secolo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
- …
