1,720,961 research outputs found
Effect of neostigmine on contractility of equine pre-ovulatory follicles: an in vitro study.
No full textIn this study, the Authors investigated the modulatory effect of three single doses (106, 105, and 104 M) of neostigmine on the spontaneous contractility of equine pre-ovulatory follicles in an isolated organ bath, to establish the relationship between this acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and ovulation, in the mare. The results indicate that neostigmine increases pre-ovulatory contractility in equine follicles at each dose, but in a different manner. Indeed, the rise in contractility induced by neostigmine at 106 M and 104 M was phasic, while at 105 M it was tonic. The data obtained indicate possible implications of these drugs in the pharmacological modulation of equine ovulation
Lidocaine decreases the xylazine-evoked contractility in pregnant cows
No full textThe objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effects of xylazine on basal uterine contractility of bovine pregnant uterine strips and that of lidocaine on xylazine-sensitized bovine pregnant uterine strips, at different stages of pregnancy. Basal contractility was evaluated in an isolated organ bath and the functionality of the strips throughout the experiment was evaluated using a dose of carbachol (10−5 M). Uterine motility, expressed with amplitude, frequency of contractions as well as the area under the curve, was recorded in different stages of pregnancy and data were collected at 15-min intervals (5-min before and 5-min after xylazine administration and 5-min after lidocaine addition on the plateau contraction induced by xylazine). Uterine motility increased in all the stages of pregnancy after xylazine addition and gradually decreased after treatment with lidocaine. These data suggest that lidocaine might decrease the tonic effect induced by xylazine on bovine pregnant uteri
Dynamics of the progesterone and cholesterol concentrations within the bovine corpus luteum cavity
No full textThe aim of this study was to examine the concentrations of progesterone (P4) and cholesterol (CHOL) in fluid of cavitary corpus luteum(CL) and in serumof dairy cattle. Cavitary corpora lutea, collected fromcows at a local abattoir, were divided in four stages of development, based on days of the estrous cycle (stage I: 1–4 days; stage II: 5–10 days; stage III: 11–17 days; stage IV: 18–20). Fluid of the their cavity was aspirated and P4 and CHOL concentrations were evaluated. The concentrations of P4 in CL cavity fluids were very high (1640–4666.67 ng/mL) and showed a peak at the stage III. CHOL values were similar to those of serum and the highest levels were found in the stage I
Oxytocin plus antibiotics: A synergism of potentiation to enhance bovine uterine contractility
Full text linkThis in vitro study investigates the modulatory effect of three antibiotics (amoxicillin,
enrofloxacin, and rifaximin) on contractility of the bovine uterine tissue, in follicular and
luteal phases. The evaluation of the effects of these antibiotics (104 M) was performed
on oxytocin-induced contractility. The decision to test these antibiotics with the oxytocin
(106 M) comes from the reported ability of these combinations of hinder the antibiotic
resistance and the formation of bacterial biofilms. The procedures were carried out in
isolated organ bath, and the contractile functionality of the strip throughout the
experiment was evaluated after a dose of carbachol (105 M). The results demonstrate
the different modulatory activity of these antibiotics, on the plateau of contraction
induced by oxytocin, in both phases of the estrus cycle. The differing individual antibiotic
effects of our testing made it possible to identify, only in some cases. Rifaximin in the
follicular phase and enrofloxacin in both phases of the estrous cycle, induced a synergistic
enhancement (potentiation) of uterine strip contraction induced by oxytocin. This
result is thought important because these associations might enable, in vivo, a simultaneous
increase of uterine cleaning and the antimicrobial action on bacteria in planktonic
form and of those organized in biofilms
Rinvenimento del solo cranio fetale nell'utero di una bovina, con presunta gravidanza di sei mesi
No full textLa macerazione fetale è un processo di decomposizione dei tessuti molli, che si verifica in tutte le specie, ma con un’incidenza maggiore in quella bovina, a seguito della prematura lisi del corpo luteo gravidico, del conseguente processo infiammatorio e della colonizzazione batterica del feto. Questo lavoro descrive il rinvenimento del solo cranio fetale nel corno uterino di una bovina Frisona di 4 anni, con presunta gravidanza di circa 6 mesi. Circa 150 giorni dopo la F.A., la bovina aveva manifestato uno scolo vulvare brunastro e, alla palpazione ed all’ecografia transrettali effettuate, si è percepita e visualizzata la presenza di una massa ovale, dura, compatta, iperecogena, di 5-6 x 7 cm, nel corno uterino sinistro. La doppia somministrazione per via intramuscolare di 25 mg di dinoprost (Dinolytic®, Pfizer, Italia) a distanza di 24 ore non aveva determinato dilatazione cervicale. La somministrazione, in terza giornata, per via epidurale, di 12,5 mg dello stesso farmaco, aveva determinato una dilatazione cervicale di circa 2 cm, insufficiente a garantire l’espulsione della massa. Si è optato per l’isterotomia che ha consentito l’estrazione di un cranio fetale, con i due emi-corpi mandibolari e porzione dell’arcata orbitaria, ascrivibile, per dimensioni, ad un’epoca gestazionale di circa 120-140 giorni. L’insolito reperto potrebbe essere il residuo, andato incontro a macerazione, di un feto abortito ed espulso parzialmente. Ciò potrebbe essersi verificato a seguito di una dilatazione incompleta e transitoria della cervice, con successiva contrazione e chiusura, e conseguente necrosi e distacco del corpo fetale aldilà dell’ostio cervicale esterno
Nuovi approcci terapeutici e chirurgici per la risoluzione delle lacerazioni del capezzolo, nella bovina da latte
No full textLe alterazioni del capezzolo possono essere distinte in anomalie congenite (politelia, atresia congenita del/i capezzolo/i, ghiandola/e soprannumerarie) e in lesioni traumatiche (interne, esterne). Esse costituiscono un’importante problematica, negli allevamenti di bovine da latte e possono determinare la perdita dei quarti mammari coinvolti dalla lesione, destinando le bovine interessate alla macellazione. L’esperienza condotta fino ad oggi ci spinge a ritenere che queste perdite potrebbero essere ampiamente ridotte, intervenendo con tecniche chirurgiche e con metodiche post-operatorie appropriate. Il lavoro descrive un nuovo approccio anestesiologico, terapeutico e chirurgico, per la risoluzione delle lacerazioni capezzolari, in 37 bovine da latte. Le bovine interessate dalla lesione sono state sedate e sottoposte ad anestesia loco-regionale (blocco epidurale lombare, ring block dell’area del capezzolo e infusione della cisterna capezzolare), introducendo delle modifiche alle procedure anestesiologiche classiche. Si è proceduto, successivamente, alla revisione chirurgica della ferita, ricruentando e regolarizzando i margini, al fine di renderli perfettamente raffrontabili, e, nei casi di lesione a livello di ostio papillare, utilizzando una tecnica di Overlapping “modificata”. Al termine di ciascun intervento di ricostruzione del capezzolo, è stata eseguita l’autoemoterapia rigenerativa staminale, inoculando una miscela di sangue venoso omologo e Arnica compositum, attorno alla ferita chirurgica. Il recupero funzionale di quasi tutti i capezzoli trattati chirurgicamente, ci induce a ritenere che la tecnica operatoria decritta e il protocollo terapeutico utilizzato siano dei validi metodi per migliorare la risoluzione chirurgica delle lacerazioni del capezzolo
Effects of d-cloprostenol on different layers and regions of the bovine uterus during the follicular and luteal phases.
No full textIntroduction: D-cloprostenol is a synthetic PGF2a, commonly used in bovine reproduction, that increases myometral contractility. However, little is known regarding its contractile behaviour and how it depends on the reproductive state and uterine topography (regions and muscular layers). Hypothesis and objectives: These aspects would affect the action of d-cloprostenol on the uterus.
Therefore, we hypothesize a possible use of this drug at the time of artificial insemination, to improve conception rates and, in the post-partum, in order to accelerate uterine involution in dairy cattle. The
purpose of the present study was to investigates the modulatory effect of d-cloprostenol on contractility of the bovine uterine region (horn and corpus) and their muscle layers (circular and longitudinal), in
follicular and luteal phases. To our knowledge, motility effects of d-cloprostenol on different regions from healthy bovine uterus have not been described up to now. Materials and methods: Uterine specimens were collected from uterine body and horn of cattle in the follicular (n 1⁄4 28) and luteal phase (n 1⁄4 32) of the estrous cycle at slaughter. Two strips were prepared from each regions corresponding to the circular and the longitudinal muscular layers, respectively. Samples were cultured in an organ bath, exposed to synthetic prostaglandin (1 mM d-cloprostenol) and their contractile activity was monitored for 10 min. The functionality of the strip throughout the experiment was tested by a dose of carbachol (105 M). Results: The mean basal amplitude of contractions was higher in the follicular compared to the luteal phase in uterine horn samples, but not in muscles collected from the uterine body. The amplitude of contractions increased after d-cloprostenol administration in all tissues with a greater increase in samples from cattle in the follicular phase. The frequency of contractions increased after d-cloprostenol administration in longitudinal but not in circular fibrees.
Conclusion: The contractile responses to d-cloprostenol in both horn and corpus were strongest in the circular muscles but weak in the longitudinal muscles
Application of an innovative technique for unilateral ovariectomy in dairy cows
No full textThis report describes an innovative unilateral ovariectomy technique for the surgical treatment of follicular cysts in dairy cows. Five cows, with a diagnosis of follicular cysts, were submitted to unilateral ovariectomy via a paralumbar fossa approach, in standing position. The linear cutter proved useful for clamping the ovary, stapling the vessels and cutting in one stroke, thus reducing surgery times. After unilateral ovariectomy, all cows underwent heat 7–30 days after surgery, and three cows became pregnant. All cows showed increased milk production. The results of this case report showed that flank ovariectomy, performed in this way, is an efficient, low-risk technique for surgical treatment of follicular cysts in dairy cows
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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