1,721,052 research outputs found
Alcune osservazioni sulla relazione tra orario di lavoro ed occupazione nell'industria manifatturiera italiana
No full textInvestimenti, produttività e occupazione nelle regioni europee: evidenze ed interpretazioni da un'analisi di "cluster"
Full text linkWith an application extended to 109 regions within European Union for the period 1977 - 1996, a joint analysis of investment, productivity and employment growth differentials is considered. We describe the temporal evolution of the standard deviation for the main aggregates. Stability of dispersion for investment per employee and some convergence in productivity are detected. We apply a K-Means Cluster Analysis to Crenos Regio dataset updated with data for investments and sectoral composition of output provided from Cambridge Econometrics. The results identify four groups of regions according to their structural characteristics and dynamic performances. Regions starting from a lower levels of income per capita and higher shares of agriculture experience as a whole a catching up process for productivity but with a clear differentiation between cases of success and failure in capacity of increasing their employment rates. For the more mature regions of Europe we find that the share of employment in services has a positive association with employment growth whereas a negative relation with productivity growth is observed
Crescita virtuosa e crescita neodualistica nell'ambito regionale: tendenze recenti per le aree europee in ritardo di sviluppo
Full text linkThe evidence of persistent differentials in the growth and in the labour market performance among "regions" of Europe calls for a comprehensive analysis of the recent evolution of the position of the more "backward" area within the European Union. Evolution of regional differentials in GDP per head cannot be understood, according to the point of view expressed in this paper, without a joint analysis of the tendencies at the level of of the two complementary factors in the determination of total product of an area: productivity of the employed population, and the employment rate (employed to total population). Dispersion of income, productivity, and employment rates among the regions belonging to the "Objective I" area of European regional policies are investigated; an analysis of the evolution of measures of a "development gap" of these regions with respect to average European standards is considered. In general, it appears that "convergence" of income and a "catch up" process, for the regions within the "Objective I" area, has been taken place, nothwithstanding the evidence of "convergence" of productivity, by stagnant or declining employment rates reflecting inability ot match labour supply through additional flows of jobs. We have tentatively called this situation of locally improving productivity performance and lack of sufficient capacity of absorption of labour, as one of a "neodualistic" growth
Growth and Employment: Productivity Gains versus Demand Constraints
No full textThe paper considers the macroeconomic relationships between employment, technology and growth, focusing on the role of internal demand component and income distribution. The debate on the technological causes of the jobless growth and on the intensity of the well-known compensation mechanisms is considered from this point of view.
It is argued that the recent growth path of the industrialised economies, started at the beginning of the eighties, does not show the rise in its employment intensity pointed out by some authors. The evidence seems to suggest, on the contrary, a decrease in the ratio between employment growth and value added growth - both at the aggregate and sectoral level - for many European countries, in particular since the second half of the eighties and nineties.
The virtuous circle between demand growth and productivity growth favourable to employment dynamics, which characterised the sixties and seventies, does not emerge anymore in the last fifteen years, when a negative relation between employment dynamics and productivity growth appears. On the basis of some empirical research adopting the cumulative growth model of the “regulation school” (with internal and external causation mechanisms) for the period 1960-1990, this change seems to be explained by the decreased intensity of endogenous compensation mechanisms, such as changes in income distribution, and changes in important macroeconomic relationships between investment, consumption, and net export.
Finally, the paper proposes a quantitative assessment for the more recent years (1991-1997) of the impact of demand side factors, i.e. growth, composition and distribution of income, on the determination of changes in the aggregate balance of employment. The level of employment warranted in a system is here derived from the application of a simple scheme which we have called, following the contributions of Richard Kahn and John Maynard Keynes, the “employment multiplier”. Starting from an accounting identity between the values of aggregate supply and demand, a level of “warranted” employment is derived, given the labour coefficient and the deflated values of final demand, in which autonomous components are distinguished from an induced component, this latter depending on total labour income. Thus, the variations of aggregate employment for a country can be decomposed into the effects of the contributions of three components: growth of average productivity of labour, growth of “autonomous” demand components, and variations of the “multiplier”, a term which summarises the impact of wage share and consumption propensity on induced demand and again on the level of overall employment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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