1,721,133 research outputs found
Effects of green extraction methods on the chemical profile of Schisandra chinensis fruit extracts and on their tyrosinase inhibitory activity
No full textThe fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. are a well-known food with health benefits for the central nervous system. This study was aimed at comparing green extracts of the fruits to select an environmentally friendly process providing a product rich in bioactives. S. chinensis fruits were extracted by decoction, macerations, ultrasound-assisted (UAE), and dynamic solid-liquid (SLDE) extraction using EtOH/H2O mixtures. The extract's chemical profiles were established by an integrated LC-MS and NMR approach. The LC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 70 metabolites, some of which never reported before in S. chinensis fruits, and the NMR analysis highlighted the occurrence of both primary and specialized metabolites. LC-MS and NMR data were processed by multivariate statistical analysis to highlight differences in the extraction methods. The extracts obtained with 100% EtOH by UAE and SLDE resulted the richest ones in lignans. Furthermore, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the extracts was tested (IC50 range 122.6–181.4 μg/ml). The extracts obtained with 100% EtOH showed the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity, suggesting how the activity could be ascribed both to lignans, reported as responsible for the biological properties of S. chinensis and compounds as coumaric acid, 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, gallic acid, known as tyrosinase inhibitors
Detection and comparison of phenolic compounds in different extracts of black currant leaves by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap MS and high-sensitivity ESI-Qtrap MS
No full textLiquid preparations such as tinctures and infusion derived from Ribes nigrum L. (black currant) leaves are widely used in Europe. Despite the various uses reported for the infusion and hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves of this species, their chemical profile has not yet been defined. In the present study, the infusion, hydroalcholic and methanolic extracts prepared from R. nigrum leaves were analyzed. LC–MS analyses of these extracts allowed the characterization of 31 phenolic compounds mainly belonging to organic acids, flavonoids, catechins and its oligomers. Quantitative results proved that these preparations are a rich source of polyphenols and flavonoids and among them the infusion presented the highest polyphenol levels. A metabolomics approach was also used for the comparison and evaluation of the chemical composition of the different extracts obtained from R. nigrum leaves
Corylus avellana: A Source of Diarylheptanoids With α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Evaluated by in vitro and in silico Studies
No full textCorylus avellana hard shells, green leafy involucres, leaves, and male flowers have shown to be a source of diarylheptanoids, a class of natural products with promising biological activities. Cyclic diarylheptanoids, named giffonins, were isolated from the Italian cultivar “Tonda di Giffoni.” Even if many efforts have been made to establish the chemistry of these compounds, little is known about their biological properties. Herein, the inhibitory effects of diarylheptanoids isolated from C. avellana byproducts against α-glucosidase enzyme were evaluated. Molecular docking experiments disclosed the establishment of several key interactions between all the screened diarylheptanoids and the protein counterpart, whose model was built through homology modeling procedure, thus rationalizing the detected inhibitory activities. Specifically, the most active compounds giffonin J (10), K (11), and P (16) were able to make both H-bonds and π–π stacking contacts with different residues belonging to the binding site responsible for the catalytic activity of the investigated enzyme. To highlight the occurrence of the bioactive diarylheptanoids in the extracts of C. avellana byproducts obtained by eco-friendly extractions, their LC-MS profiles were analyzed. LC-MS analysis showed how giffonin J (10), K (11), and P (16) occurred in the ethanol extract of the leaves, while in the extracts of shells and green leafy involucres only giffonin P (16) was evident. Moreover, the quantitative analysis of giffonin J (10), K (11), and P (16) in C. avellana byproducts was carried out by an analytical approach based on LC–ESI/QTrap/MS, using the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) experiment. These results prompt to evaluate C. avellana byproducts, especially the leaves, as a prospective source of bioactive diarylheptanoids for the development of functional ingredients for the treatment of diabetes
Modulation of the conformational behavior of A beta(25-35) by interaction with natural compounds
No full textPatavine a new arylnaphthalene lignan glycoside from Haplophyllum patavinum shoot cultures
No full textSpinacia oleracea L. Baby Leaves as a Source of Bioactive Principles: The Chemical Profiling of Eco-Sustainable Extracts by Using LC-ESI/HRMS- and 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics
No full textSpinacia oleracea L. cultivar platypus leaves are identified as a functional food due to their nutrient composition which promotes health beyond basic nutrition. Considering the increasing use of food supplements, S. oleracea baby leaves have been extracted by maceration, solid–liquid dynamic extraction (SLDE)-Naviglio, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using EtOH and EtOH:H2O mixtures. The analysis of the extracts by using LC-ESI/HRMSMS revealed 42 compounds (flavonoids, polar lipid derivatives, and 20-hydroxyecdysone), along with primary metabolites, detected by NMR analysis. A principal component analysis (PCA) of LC-ESI/HRMS and NMR data was performed, revealing how 20-hydroxyecdysone and flavonoids, the specialized metabolites mainly responsible for the biological activity of S. oleracea leaves, occurred in the highest amount in the EtOH and EtOH:H2O (70:30, v/v) extracts obtained by SLDE-Naviglio extraction. 20-hydroxyecdysone was also quantified in all the extracts via LC-ESI/QTrap/MS/MS using the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) method. The EtOH extracts obtained by SLDE-Naviglio and maceration showed the highest content (82.16 and 81.27 mg/g extract, respectively). The total phenolic content (118.35–206.60 mg GAE/g), the flavonoid content (10.90–41.05 mg rutin/g), and the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) (1.63–2.05 mM) of the extracts were determined. The EtOH:H2O (70:30, v/v) extract analyzed by using SLDE-Naviglio showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content and radical scavenging activity
Metabolite profiling and antioxidant activity of the polar fraction of Italian almonds (Toritto and Avola): Analysis of seeds, skins, and blanching water
No full textThe health benefits of almonds along with their ability to prevent atheroschlerosis as well as cardiovascular and diabetes risks are well known. Previous works were focused mainly on the lipid fraction, thus a lack of information about the polar constituents still persists. In order to provide deeper insight into the chemical composition of almond, the polar fraction of Italian almond cultivars (Toritto and Avola) was investigated. The MeOH extract of the Toritto cultivar was submitted to LC-ESI-(HR)MS/MS experiments, highlighting the occurrence of several compounds, mainly cyanogenic glycosides, glycosylated flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and a diterpene glycoside. EtOH and EtOH:H2O solution were also employed for extractions, resulting selective for flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, while cyanogenic glycosides were mainly detected in EtOH:H2O extract. Almonds were also blanched to afford skins and blanching water which were analyzed by LC-ESI-(HR)MS/MS experiments in order to establish the source of the identified compounds. Cyanogenic glycosides were detected in the peeled almonds, while flavonoids and proanthocyanidins were detected in almond skins and blanching water. The LC-ESI-(HR)MS/MS analyses of the almonds of the Avola cvs (Fascionello, Pizzuta and Romana) were compared with those of the Toritto cv., showing clear differences in their metabolome, probably due to the different growing conditions. Finally, total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of the extracts and blanching waters were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu assay and by DPPH[rad] and ABTS[rad]+ assays, highlighting interesting antioxidant properties possessed by almond skins and blanching water, suggesting their potential employment in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutraceutical formulations
Pouteria lucuma pulp and skin: In depth chemical profile and evaluation of antioxidant activity
No full textPouteria lucuma Ruiz and Pav., known as the ‘Gold of the Incas’ or ‘lucuma’, is a subtropical fruit belonging to the Sapotaceae family, with a very sweet flavor, used to prepare cakes, ice creams as well as in the baking and dairy industries. To date, the content of primary metabolites is known, but little information is reported about the composition in specialized metabolites. Moreo-ver, no study is reported on skin which represent an important agricultural waste due to the high demand for lucuma. In order to have a preliminary metabolite profile of Pouteria lucuma, the extracts of pulp and skin have been analyzed by LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS in negative ion mode. The careful analysis of the accurate masses, of the molecular formulas and of the ESI/MS spectra allowed to identify specialized metabolites belonging to phenolic, flavonoid and polar lipid classes. The LC-MS/MS analysis guided the isolation of compounds occurring in the pulp extract whose structures have been characterized by spectroscopic methods including 1D-and 2D-NMR experiments and ESI-MS analysis. Furthermore, the phenolic content of the extracts along with the antioxidant activity of extracts and isolated compounds was evaluated
Cytotoxic constituents of roots of Chaerophyllum hirsutum
No full textTwo new lignan derivatives (1 and 2), along with the known scopoletin (3), methyl caffeate (4), falcarindiol
(5), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic methyl ester, chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxyphenylethyltrans-
ferulate, and vanillin, were isolated from extracts of the roots of Chaerophyllum hirsutum. Structure
elucidation of the new compounds was carried out by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and by HRMS analysis.
Several of the isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against the HL-60, HT-1080,
LoVo, and LoVo/Doxo cell lines
Okra fruit: LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS: n based deep insight on polar lipids and specialized metabolites with evaluation of anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activity
No full textOkra is a vegetable crop very popular in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of the world for its edible fruit. Nowadays, this species can be easily found in European local markets, as a basic ingredient in many local and traditional dishes. Considering the extensive and spread use of okra fruits, to achieve deep insight on its chemical composition the analysis of the polar extract by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to multiple-stage linear ion-trap and orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry in negative electrospray ionization mode was carried out. By this approach, 39 metabolites belonging to different polar lipid classes, such as oxylipins, phospholipids, glycolipids, and sphingolipids, were putatively identified for the first time in A. esculentus. Moreover, LC-HRMS/MS analyses guided the isolation and characterization by NMR experiments of 19 specialized metabolites belonging to phenolic acid and flavonoid classes, 8 of them never reported before in A. esculentus. Finally, antioxidant activity and inhibition of a-glucosidase activity were assayed, suggesting a good anti-oxidant anti-hyperglycemic activity for okra fruit
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