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Levamisol e dexametasona na inflamação crônica por corpo estranho em Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
No full textEste ensaio teve por objetivos avaliar o efeito da administração parenteral de dexametasona e fosfato de levamisol sobre a cinética de acúmulo de macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos em lamínulas de vidro, implantadas no tecido subcutâneo de pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus), na tentativa de simular um estímulo estressante com imunossupressão e a possibilidade de compensa-la usando um imuoestimulante. Foram utilizados 147 peixes juvenis, distribuídos aleatoriamente em vinte e uma caixas de água plásticas de 250 L, contendo sete animais cada, constituindo os tratamentos: NV = não tratado; CL = controle; L 25 = levamisol (25 mg/kg), L 50 = levamisol (50 mg/kg) , D2 = dexametasona (2 mg/kg), D2+L25 = dexametasona (2 mg/kg + levamisol 25 mg/kg), D2+L50 = dexametasona (2 mg/kg + levamisol 50 mg/kg). Os pacus foram anestesiados em solução alcoólica de benzocaína (1:10000 v/v) e submetidos ao implante de lamínulas de vidro esterilizadas no tecido subcutâneo, quando administrou-se, por via intra-muscular, os fármacos de acordo com cada tratamento. Decorridos dois, sete e 15 dias pós-implante (DPI) os peixes foram novamente anestesiados para coleta de sangue e eutanasiados (solução alcoólica de benzocaína, 1:500 v/v) para a retirada das lamínulas. O sangue destinou-se aos exames hematológicos e as lamínulas à avaliação da cinética do acúmulo de macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade e demonstraram que ao longo do período experimental observou-se redução do número de eritrócitos e taxa de hemoglobina associadas ao aumento do volume corpuscular médio, quadro que sugere ligeira anemia macrocítica. Na avaliação da cinética de acúmulo celular sobre a lamínula, as maiores contagens de macrófagos isolados ocorreram sete dias após...The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenteral administration of dexamethasone and levamisole phosphate on the kinetics of accumulation of macrophages and formation of giant cells in glass cover slips implanted in subcutaneous tissue of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) to simulate a stressful stimulus with immunosuppression and the possibility to compensate for it using an immunostimulant. We used 147 juvenile fish, randomly divided in twenty-one plastic water tanks of 250 L, containing seven animals each: NV = not treated, and CL = control, L25 = levamisole (25 mg / kg), L 50 = levamisole (50 mg / kg), D2 = dexamethasone (2 mg / kg), D2 + L25 = dexamethasone (2 mg / kg + levamisole 25 mg / kg), D2 + L50 = dexamethasone (2 mg / kg + levamisole 50 mg / kg). Fish were anesthetized with an alcoholic solution of benzocaine (1:10,000 v / v), implanted with sterile glass cover slips at subcutaneous tissue and were administered intra-muscular drugs, according of each treatment. After two, seven and 15 days post-implantation (DPI) fish were anesthetized for blood collection and euthanized (alcoholic solution of benzocaine, 1:500 v / v) to remove the glass cover slips. The blood was used for hematological tests and the glass cover slips to assess the kinetics of accumulation of macrophages and formation of giant cells. Statistical analyses were performed using 5% Tukey test and was observed reduction in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin associated with increase of mean corpuscular volume, suggesting slight macrocytic anemia. Kinetic evaluation of cell accumulation on glass cover slip, the highest number of isolated macrophages occurred at seven days after implantation in all groups, associated with increased formation of policariontes cells regardless of the number of cores. The dexamethasone... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Levamisol e dexametasona na inflamação crônica por corpo estranho em Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
No full textEste ensaio teve por objetivos avaliar o efeito da administração parenteral de dexametasona e fosfato de levamisol sobre a cinética de acúmulo de macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos em lamínulas de vidro, implantadas no tecido subcutâneo de pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus), na tentativa de simular um estímulo estressante com imunossupressão e a possibilidade de compensa-la usando um imuoestimulante. Foram utilizados 147 peixes juvenis, distribuídos aleatoriamente em vinte e uma caixas de água plásticas de 250 L, contendo sete animais cada, constituindo os tratamentos: NV = não tratado; CL = controle; L 25 = levamisol (25 mg/kg), L 50 = levamisol (50 mg/kg) , D2 = dexametasona (2 mg/kg), D2+L25 = dexametasona (2 mg/kg + levamisol 25 mg/kg), D2+L50 = dexametasona (2 mg/kg + levamisol 50 mg/kg). Os pacus foram anestesiados em solução alcoólica de benzocaína (1:10000 v/v) e submetidos ao implante de lamínulas de vidro esterilizadas no tecido subcutâneo, quando administrou-se, por via intra-muscular, os fármacos de acordo com cada tratamento. Decorridos dois, sete e 15 dias pós-implante (DPI) os peixes foram novamente anestesiados para coleta de sangue e eutanasiados (solução alcoólica de benzocaína, 1:500 v/v) para a retirada das lamínulas. O sangue destinou-se aos exames hematológicos e as lamínulas à avaliação da cinética do acúmulo de macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade e demonstraram que ao longo do período experimental observou-se redução do número de eritrócitos e taxa de hemoglobina associadas ao aumento do volume corpuscular médio, quadro que sugere ligeira anemia macrocítica. Na avaliação da cinética de acúmulo celular sobre a lamínula, as maiores contagens de macrófagos isolados ocorreram sete dias após...The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenteral administration of dexamethasone and levamisole phosphate on the kinetics of accumulation of macrophages and formation of giant cells in glass cover slips implanted in subcutaneous tissue of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) to simulate a stressful stimulus with immunosuppression and the possibility to compensate for it using an immunostimulant. We used 147 juvenile fish, randomly divided in twenty-one plastic water tanks of 250 L, containing seven animals each: NV = not treated, and CL = control, L25 = levamisole (25 mg / kg), L 50 = levamisole (50 mg / kg), D2 = dexamethasone (2 mg / kg), D2 + L25 = dexamethasone (2 mg / kg + levamisole 25 mg / kg), D2 + L50 = dexamethasone (2 mg / kg + levamisole 50 mg / kg). Fish were anesthetized with an alcoholic solution of benzocaine (1:10,000 v / v), implanted with sterile glass cover slips at subcutaneous tissue and were administered intra-muscular drugs, according of each treatment. After two, seven and 15 days post-implantation (DPI) fish were anesthetized for blood collection and euthanized (alcoholic solution of benzocaine, 1:500 v / v) to remove the glass cover slips. The blood was used for hematological tests and the glass cover slips to assess the kinetics of accumulation of macrophages and formation of giant cells. Statistical analyses were performed using 5% Tukey test and was observed reduction in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin associated with increase of mean corpuscular volume, suggesting slight macrocytic anemia. Kinetic evaluation of cell accumulation on glass cover slip, the highest number of isolated macrophages occurred at seven days after implantation in all groups, associated with increased formation of policariontes cells regardless of the number of cores. The dexamethasone... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Levamisol e dexametasona na inflamação crônica por corpo estranho em Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)
No full textEste ensaio teve por objetivos avaliar o efeito da administração parenteral de dexametasona e fosfato de levamisol sobre a cinética de acúmulo de macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos em lamínulas de vidro, implantadas no tecido subcutâneo de pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus), na tentativa de simular um estímulo estressante com imunossupressão e a possibilidade de compensa-la usando um imuoestimulante. Foram utilizados 147 peixes juvenis, distribuídos aleatoriamente em vinte e uma caixas de água plásticas de 250 L, contendo sete animais cada, constituindo os tratamentos: NV = não tratado; CL = controle; L 25 = levamisol (25 mg/kg), L 50 = levamisol (50 mg/kg) , D2 = dexametasona (2 mg/kg), D2+L25 = dexametasona (2 mg/kg + levamisol 25 mg/kg), D2+L50 = dexametasona (2 mg/kg + levamisol 50 mg/kg). Os pacus foram anestesiados em solução alcoólica de benzocaína (1:10000 v/v) e submetidos ao implante de lamínulas de vidro esterilizadas no tecido subcutâneo, quando administrou-se, por via intra-muscular, os fármacos de acordo com cada tratamento. Decorridos dois, sete e 15 dias pós-implante (DPI) os peixes foram novamente anestesiados para coleta de sangue e eutanasiados (solução alcoólica de benzocaína, 1:500 v/v) para a retirada das lamínulas. O sangue destinou-se aos exames hematológicos e as lamínulas à avaliação da cinética do acúmulo de macrófagos e formação de gigantócitos. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade e demonstraram que ao longo do período experimental observou-se redução do número de eritrócitos e taxa de hemoglobina associadas ao aumento do volume corpuscular médio, quadro que sugere ligeira anemia macrocítica. Na avaliação da cinética de acúmulo celular sobre a lamínula, as maiores contagens de macrófagos isolados ocorreram sete dias após...The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parenteral administration of dexamethasone and levamisole phosphate on the kinetics of accumulation of macrophages and formation of giant cells in glass cover slips implanted in subcutaneous tissue of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) to simulate a stressful stimulus with immunosuppression and the possibility to compensate for it using an immunostimulant. We used 147 juvenile fish, randomly divided in twenty-one plastic water tanks of 250 L, containing seven animals each: NV = not treated, and CL = control, L25 = levamisole (25 mg / kg), L 50 = levamisole (50 mg / kg), D2 = dexamethasone (2 mg / kg), D2 + L25 = dexamethasone (2 mg / kg + levamisole 25 mg / kg), D2 + L50 = dexamethasone (2 mg / kg + levamisole 50 mg / kg). Fish were anesthetized with an alcoholic solution of benzocaine (1:10,000 v / v), implanted with sterile glass cover slips at subcutaneous tissue and were administered intra-muscular drugs, according of each treatment. After two, seven and 15 days post-implantation (DPI) fish were anesthetized for blood collection and euthanized (alcoholic solution of benzocaine, 1:500 v / v) to remove the glass cover slips. The blood was used for hematological tests and the glass cover slips to assess the kinetics of accumulation of macrophages and formation of giant cells. Statistical analyses were performed using 5% Tukey test and was observed reduction in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin associated with increase of mean corpuscular volume, suggesting slight macrocytic anemia. Kinetic evaluation of cell accumulation on glass cover slip, the highest number of isolated macrophages occurred at seven days after implantation in all groups, associated with increased formation of policariontes cells regardless of the number of cores. The dexamethasone... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Efeito probiótico do Bacillus amyloliquefaciens na aerocistite aguda em tilápias-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)
No full textThe use of probiotics arises as an alternative to the use of antibiotics in fishes, preventing them from becoming sick. The scope of this study was to evaluate the effects of food with added probiotic containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in acute inflammation against A.hydrophila in the Nile-tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). To that end, there were used 936 copies of the Nile-tilapia (30g), evenly distributed in 12 net tanks with 78 fish in each. The fishes were fed for 60 days with food added with the probiotic bacteria in different concentrations, with the following groups being formed; Group 1 (control) fed with basal food without added probiotic: Group 2 (T1) supplemented with 0.75 grams of probiotic / kg food; Group 3 (T2) supplemented with 1.5 grams of the probiotic / kg food; Group 4 (T3) supplemented with 3 grams of probiotic / kg food. For the inflammatory stimulus it was inoculated in the swimming bladder of fish 0.5 ml of saline solution 0.65% in the control group and 0.5 ml x106 of a solution containing inactivated A. hydrophila in the other groups. Blood collections and inflammatory exudate were held in the periods of 12, 24 and 48 hours after the inflammatory stimulus (HPE), for the following analysis: haematological variables, basal glucose levels, respiratory activity of sanguine leukocytes (oxidative burst), qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the exudate, lytic activity of serum proteases and agglutination bacterial activity. The results were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability and the difference between the means was compared by Tukey test. There were no significant hematological changes between the groups of Nile-tilapia treated and stimulated and the control group, the same thing can be observed in glycemic indeces and respiratory activity of blood leucocytes. The inflammatory exudate was characterized by the predominant accumulation ...A utilização de probióticos surge como uma alternativa, para o uso de antibióticos em peixes, evitando que os mesmos adoeçam. O escopo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da alimentação adicionada de probiótico contendo Bacillus amyloliquefaciens na inflamação aguda contra A.hydrophila em tilápias-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Para tanto foram utilizados 936 exemplares de tilápias-do-Nilo (30g), distribuídas uniformemente em 12 tanques-rede sendo 78 peixes em cada. Os peixes foram alimentados durante 60 dias com ração adicionada com a bactéria probiótica em diferentes concentrações, sendo constituídos os seguintes grupos; Grupo 1 (controle) alimentado com ração basal sem adição de probiótico: Grupo 2 (T1) suplementados com 0,75 gramas de probiótico/kg de ração; Grupo 3 (T2) suplementados com 1,5 gramas de probiótico/kg de ração; Grupo 4 (T3) suplementados com 3 gramas de probiótico/kg de ração. Para o estímulo inflamatório inoculou-se na bexiga natatória dos peixes 0,5 ml de solução salina 0,65% no grupo controle e 0,5 ml x106 de uma solução, contendo A. hydrophila inativada nos demais grupos. As coletas de sangue e exsudato inflamatório foram realizadas nos tempos de 12, 24 e 48 horas após estímulo inflamatório (HPE), para as seguintes análises: variáveis hematológicas, índices de glicose basal, atividade respiratória dos leucócitos sanguíneos (burst oxidativo), características qualitativas e quantitativas do exsudato, atividade lítica das proteases do soro e atividade de aglutinação bacteriana. Os resultados foram comparados por meio de análise de variância (ANOVA) ao nível de 5% de probabilidade e a diferença entre as médias foi comparada pelo teste de Tukey. Não foram observadas variações hematológicas significativas entre os grupos de tilápias-do-Nilo tratadas e estimuladas e o grupo controle, o mesmo pode ser observados..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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