1,720,999 research outputs found
Biografia di un paesaggio rurale. Storia, geografia e archeologia ambientale per la riqualificazione di Case Lovara (promontorio del Mesco – La Spezia)
No full textCartografia storica e fonti bio-stratigrafiche per la caratterizzazione dei paesaggi vitivinicoli storici: casi applicativi in Liguria e Trentino = Historical cartography and bio-stratigraphic sources for the characterization of historical vineyard landscapes: applied research in Liguria and Trentino
No full textRecent regulatory decrees such as the “Testo Unico del Vino” (2016) and the Ministerial Decree n. 6899 of 2020 led to the official legitimation of “heroic vineyards” and “historical vineyards” as historicalenvironmental heritage. For obtaining the latter recognition, the M.D. establishes a series of criteria, including the use of traditional farming methods and existence prior to 1960. As already noted, this legislation opens up new demands for geo-historical and environmental-archaeological research applied to the characterization and enhancement of the Italian’s rural landscape heritage. This paper discusses the potentialities and the limits of historical cartographies for the diachronic study of vineyard landscapes, also by cross-checking with the bio-stratigraphic evidence collected during the archaeological research. In this regard, two case studies are presented, located in Liguria and Trentino (Italy), which allow for the exploration of different documentary series (18th-20th century), due to the diversity of sources available for the territories of the different pre-unification states of the Peninsula. The historical cartography was collected and analyzed in series, according to the cartographic filtering method, to build a “biography” of the vineyard landscapes. In conclusion, the paper highlights the potential of geo-historical analysis and cartographic sources to provide information on the extent, forms of cultivation, and composition of historical vineyards, also in terms of applied historical geography. At the same time, the examination of the two case studies allows to bright to light theoretical and methodological clues for discussing the official categories currently employedI recenti passaggi normativi costituiti dal Testo Unico del Vino (2016) e dal Decreto Ministeriale n. 6899 del 2020 hanno portato alla legittimazione a livello ministeriale del patrimonio storico-ambientale costituito dai “vigneti eroici” e “vigneti storici”. Per questi ultimi, il D.M. fissa una serie di criteri per ottenere il riconoscimento, tra cui l’utilizzo di metodi di allevamento tradizionali e l’esistenza in data antecedente al 1960. Come già notato, tale normativa apre nuovi spazi per ricerche geostoriche e archeologico-ambientali applicate alla caratterizzazione e alla valorizzazione del patrimonio paesaggistico rurale del paese. Il contributo discute limiti e potenzialità delle fonti cartografiche storiche per lo studio diacronico dei paesaggi vitati, anche attraverso l’incrocio con fonti di terreno proprie della ricerca archeologica. A questo proposito si presentano due casi studio, situati in Liguria e in Trentino, che permettono di esplorare serie documentali diverse (XVIII-XX secolo), a causa della diversità di fonti disponibili per i territori dei diversi stati pre-unitari del Paese. La cartografia storica è stata raccolta e analizzata in successione, secondo il metodo del filtraggio cartografico, per costruire una “biografia” dei paesaggi vitati dei casi studio. In conclusione, si vuole evidenziare le potenzialità dell’analisi geostorica e delle fonti cartografiche per fornire informazioni su estensione, forme di allevamento e composizione dei vigneti storici, anche in funzione di una geografia storica applicata capace di rispondere ai riconoscimenti ministeriali. Al tempo stesso, l’esame dei due casi studio permette di far emergere spunti di riflessione teorici e metodologici da porre in dialogo con le categorie ufficiali attualmente impiegate
GIS Applications for Environmental Archaeology and Historical Ecology: Problems and Potentialities. The case study of Punta Mesco (Cinque Terre National Park – Italy)
No full textResearch in environmental archaeology and historical ecology provides valuable information about past vegetation and its activation related to past societies activities. Different tools are use in order to better describe the historical plant coverage and ecosystems, environmental resources and the agro-silvo-pastoral systems. Combining field data and historical information in a GIS application gives multiple perspectives on
the dynamics of changing landscape. This paper deals with the issue of GIS as a tool for historical ecology research, outlining the used methodologies and problems related to them. Our study
focuses on Punta Mesco, in the Cinque Terre National Park (Italy), as case study
Fonti geostoriche e geomatica per lo studio topografico delle variazioni dell'estensione e dei limiti del bosco: il caso di Peio (TN) tra XIX e XXI secolo
No full textInserendosi nel filone degli studi sulla storia della copertura boschiva, il saggio presenta una ricerca diacronica sui limiti del bosco compiuta processando con strumenti geomatici, software GIS e Monoplotting una serie di fonti cartografiche e fotografiche storiche e attuali. Il caso studio di Peio (TN) consente di vagliare la qualità informativa di alcune fonti e riscontrare le dinamiche in un contesto fortemente antropizzato, oltre a confermare la necessità di indagini a scala topografica
On the ecology of ancient and recent woodlands: the role of historical approach
No full textThis chapter presents several Italian case studies to interpret and discuss the concept of ancient forests by means of methods and sources used by historical ecology. The historical approach adopted by the Laboratory of Environmental Archaeology and History (LASA) of the University of Genoa involves the use of multiple sources (textual, geographic, archaeological, ethnologic, oral, environmental), a regressive method and strong spatial and social contextualization. In fact, the methods of British historical ecology have been developed by reworking and comparing contents of British local history with those proposed by the Italian microhistory. The sedimentary and observational sources generally related to woodland environmental archaeology are now more generally produced and analysed as part of an archaeology of environmental resources. The strengths and weaknesses of this approach is illustrated through two selected case studies concerning the history of Mediterranean multi-use systems of woodland resources (agrosilvopastoral). The first case study pertains to a mountain area (Upper Trebbia-Aveto Basin) while the second is on the coast of western Liguria (Merula Valley, north-west Italy
Transhumance landscapes in the southwestern Italian Alps: the contribution of Palynology in environmental and cultural heritage
No full textPast environmental management systems and land use are important factors determining the current environmental
setting and changes in ecosystem structure and function over time. One such practice, transhumance, played a key
role in forming and managing rural Mediterranean landscapes. Despite its inclusion in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2019, transhumance is disappearing, negatively affecting biodiversity and increasing hydrogeological
and wildfire risks. Understanding transhumance-influenced landscapes and biodiversity responses to pastoralism is
vital to re-promote it as a virtuous management system. Its environmental impact over time can be fruitfully assessed
through palynological investigations applied to biostratigraphical records from human-influenced contexts or to archaeological deposits.
This contribution presents palynological data obtained from two test-pits (T1S2, 1579 m a.s.l.; T1S3, 1742 m a.s.l.) excavated in the area of Pian Rosso-Monte Mongioie (SW Italian Alps), a historically documented transhumance area.
As part of an environmental archaeological project on past transhumance practices, this work aimed to reconstruct
the late Holocene plant landscape of the area, focusing on pasture indicators (pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs).
In T1S2, pollen of herbs linked to pastoral practices, such as Cichorieae and other Asteraceae, and soil erosion-associated fungal spores suggest the local presence of pasture/grazing activities. Pollen deterioration typical of animal digestion was observed, further supporting this hypothesis. In T1S3, Poaceae and cereal pollen and coprophilous fungal
spores were frequent, indicating local animal stalling with straw. The cross-checking of these records with radiocarbon, soil chemistry and documentary research will be discussed to untangle the complexity of past agro-sylvo-pastoral practices and their effects over time. The first results of this research notably remark that, in interdisciplinary
frameworks, palynological investigations provide high-resolution information on environmental changes linked to human activities. In reconstructing such a detailed environmental history, Palynology allows an assessment of historical
sustainability, significantly enhancing our knowledge of past virtuous environmental management
Une approche historique et archéologique pour l’étude des systèmes de gestion des ressources environnementales: expériences en Ligurie (Italie)
No full textDalla geografia storica all’archeologia del paesaggio e dell’ambiente. Una irrinunciabile eredità di Massimo Quaini
Get PDFThis contribution discusses the legacy of Massimo Quaini’s research in the field of postclassical rchaeology and, in particular, in the study of landscape and environment. Its active participation in the archaeological theoretical debate is highlighted through the analysis of his bibliography and experiences from the 70’s until his last works with the Territorialist Society and the Laboratory of Environmental Archaeology and History (LASA) of the University of Genoa
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