1,720,990 research outputs found
Cenni di anatomia e fisiologia dell'occhio.
No full textLo scopo di questo capitolo, riguardante l’occhio, è quello di fornire agli infermieri nozioni di anatomia, fisiologia e cenni sulle più comuni patologie oculari. Dopo una descrizione dell’anatomia, vengono illustrati gli strumenti più usati nella pratica oftalmologica.
Vengono descritte le più comuni malattie oculari riguardanti le palpebre , gli annessi, la congiuntiva, la cornea, il cristallino e la retina.
Sono descritte le alterazioni oculari in malattie sistemiche come la retinopatia ipertensiva, diabetica e la tireotossicosi. Sono riportati anche cenni di chirurgia oculare riguardanti la cataratta, il glaucoma e il distacco di retina. Infine sono riportati i farmaci più usati nella pratica oftalmologica.
Queste nozioni dovrebbero aiutare gli operatori sanitari, in particolare gli infermieri a collaborare con l’oftalmologo durante le visite ambulatoriali e/o in sala operatori
Oftalmopatia di Graeves: Studio retrospettivo sull'efficacia della radioterapia e dei glucocorticoidi.
No full textPurpose. Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is the
most frequent extra‐thyroidal expression of
Graves’ disease. Data reported in the literature
on outcomes following the most widely used
treatments for this condition, glucocorticoids
(GC) and radiotherapy (RT), vary greatly. We
therefore made a retrospective study on 112
patients to evaluate the efficacy of these two
treatments when used as a single or combined
modality.
Patients and methods. Forty-eight patients
received RT combined with GC, 28 patients oral
high-dose GC, and 36 patients oral low-dose GC.
A comparative study was made of effect of the
treatments on soft tissue alterations, proptosis,
extraocular motility and visual acuity after 6
months.
Results. After RT combined with GC, a
significant improvement was observed in soft
tissue alterations, with an overall improvement
in 58,3% of patients. In the high‐dose and
low‐dose GC groups, no significant changes were
observed; overall, an improvement was found
in 42.9% of the high‐dose GC patients, and in
27.7% of the low-dose GC group, although this
difference was not of statistical significance.
On comparing treatments, RT combined with
GC was found to be significantly more effective
than the other approaches.
Conclusions. At a follow‐up of 6 months, better
results were obtained with RT combined with
low‐dose GC, with an efficacy of 58.3%, in
agreement with findings made by other Authors,
and only on soft tissues changes. Reduction
of the Clinical Activity Score confirmed these
results. Neither of the groups of patients who
underwent only steroidal therapy significant
improvements in ocular signs, probably because
GC have less lasting effects than RT. It should,
however, be borne in mind that modifications in
various parameters can depend on the natural
history of GO.
Ottica Fisiopat 2007; XII
Grade III lipaemia retinalis in a newborn
No full textLipaemia retinalis, first described in 1880 and recently recognized as a paediatric disease, occurs rarely in patients with hyperlipidaemia. In typical cases, opthalmoscopy evidences creamy-white retinal vessels. Although the picture is graded clinically (table 1), grade III cases are extremely rare
Infectious aetiology of marginal zone lymphoma and role of anti-infective therapy
Full text linkMarginal zone lymphomas have been associated with several infectious agents covering both viral and bacterial pathogens and in some cases a clear aetiological role has been established. Pathogenetic mechanisms are currently not completely understood. However, the role of chronic stimulation of the host immune response with persistent lymphocyte activation represents the most convincing explanation for lymphoproliferation. Gastric MALT lymphoma is strictly associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and various eradicating protocols, developed due to increasing antibiotic resistance, represent the first line therapy for gastric MALT. The response rate to eradication is good with 80% of response at 1 year; this finding is also noteworthy because it recapitulates cancer cured only by the antibacterial approach and it satisfies the Koch postulates of causation, establishing a causative relationship between Hp and gastric MALT lymphoma. Patients with chronic HCV infection have 5 times higher risk to develop MZL, in particular, an association with splenic and nodal MZL has been shown in several studies. Moreover, there is evidence of lymphoma regression after antiviral therapy with interferon+ribavirin, thus raising hope that newly available drugs, extremely efficient against HCV replication, could improve outcome also in HCV-driven lymphomas. Another case-study are represented by those rare cases of MZL localized to orbital fat and eye conjunctivas that have been associated with Chlamydophila psittaci infection carried by birds. Efficacy of antibacterial therapy against C. psittaci are conflicting and generally poorer than gastric MALT. Finally, some case reports will cover the relationship between primary cutaneous B-cell Lymphomas and Borrelia Burgdorferi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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