1,721,054 research outputs found
Disagio, paura o xenofobia? Un modello di ricerca azione con le comunità di immigrati
No full textL'articolo esamina gli atteggiamenti e le politiche anti-immigrati negli Stati Uniti e in Europa. Nelle comunità ospitanti gli autoctoni hanno un pregiudizio verso gli immigrati con basso reddito in quanto associano la loro presenza al verificarsi di disordini sociali e questi alla percezione dell'aumento di rischio e di paura della criminalità. tuttavia la maggior parte degli immigrati sono lavoratori impegnati e rispettosi della legge e , rispetto ai nativi, sono più spesso vittime di reati. La ricerca sull'immigrazione è in crescita, ma solo da poco pone attenzione all'influenza della politica e di altre macro-influenze sociali, oltre che alle risposte della comunità di accoglienza all'immigrazione. Per orientare la ricerca-intervento con le comunità di immigrati viene presentato un modello ecologico globale, a più livelli, adattano da Christens e Perkins (2008), che comprende la dimensione socio-culturale, fisica, economica e politica
Bullying in school and adolescent sense of empowerment: an analysis of relationships with parents, friends and teachers
No full textWe explore the development of bullying and victimization in school by investigating 11, 13, and 15-year-olds’ sense of interpersonal empowerment with parents, friends, and teachers. A national sample of 4,386 male and female students from 243 middle and secondary schools in Italy were surveyed. Boys were more likely than girls to be bullies and more likely to have been both a bully and a victim. Victimization and the likelihood of being both a bully and a victim declined with age. Bullying increased with age among boys whereas for girls it was slightly more prevalent at age 13 than ages 11 or 15. The sense of empowerment students experience with their teachers decreased in the older cohorts. Disempowered relationships with teachers consistently predicted bullying behavior. Higher social competence was reported by 13 and 15-year-old bullies. Chronically bullied students had lower social competence in all age cohorts. Otherwise, predictors of victimization varied by age: 11-year-old victims felt less empowered by their teachers; 15-year-old victims reported more difficulties in negotiating cooperative relationships with parents. Bullies in all cohorts and younger bully/victims feel less empowered by their teachers. These findings suggest that students who are disempowered by teachers may either compensate by oppressing (bullying) peers or generalize the power differential with peers (become a victim)
Democratic school climate and sense of community in school: a multilevel analysis
No full textExamines individual and school-level predictors of sense of community in school among adolescents. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the relationships between individual (demographics, control and monitoring by parents, and perception of democratic school climate), class and school characteristics (mean democratic school climate, demographics, activities, school size, public/private governance of the school, and facilities) and students’ sense of community in the school. Data were analyzed using a three-level model based on 4,092 10-18-year-old students nested within 248 classes (across three grade levels: 6th, 8th, and 10th grade level,where the median age was 11, 13, and 15, respectively) in 134 schools in the Veneto region of Northeast Italy. Individual and contextual measures of the perception of a democratic school climate, modeled at the individual, class, and school levels simultaneously, were each significant predictor of school sense of community. More parental monitoring and less parental control were also predictive at the individual level. School-level SES predicted between school variation in sense of community, controlling for individual student SES and other student and school-level predictors. School size, facilities (physical spaces resources), level of interaction of the school with the community, public or private governance, and number of extra-curricular activities offered were all nonsignificant. The study demonstrates significant variation in school sense of community at the student, class, and school levels and the important role played by democratic school practices, such as student participation in making rules and organizing events, freedom of expression, and the perceived fairness of rules and teachers, in determining this variable
Civic Participation and the Development of Adolescent Behavior Problems
No full textThis study assessed the links between civic participation and adolescent behavior problems (bullying, physical fighting, and alcohol and tobacco use), and whether civic engagement could be a moderator of the negative effects of parent/family detachment. Participants were 7,097 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds (48.6% girls) in a region of Northern Italy. Twenty percent were involved in some level of civic participation, the majority of which was faith-based. Results showed that adolescents who are involved in civic associations reported slightly less fighting and alcohol and tobacco use, but this relationship varies by sex, age, detachment from parents and family, and the frequency of adolescent participation. For the sample as a whole, a U-shaped relationship was found between civic participation and behavior problems, with the fewest behavior problems associated with moderate frequency of participation (1 to 4 times per week). The expected hypothesis that civic participation moderates the relationship between parent/family detachment and problem behaviors was suggested only for 15-year-old girls but not for younger girls or for boys. Implications for preventive interventions are discussed
Social support, sense of community in school, and self-efficacy as resources during early adolescence: an integrative model
No full textInfluences of different sources of social support (from parents and friends), school sense of community, and self-efficacy on psychosocial well-being (as measured by self-reported life satisfaction and psychological symptoms) in early adolescence were investigated in an integrative and developmentally oriented model. The model was tested using structural equation modeling and multigroup comparisons were used to estimate differences between sex and age groups. The survey sample was composed of 7,097 students in Northern Italy (51.4% male) divided into three cohorts (equivalent to 6th, 8th, and 10th grades with median ages of 11, 13, and 15). Findings obtained using SEM were consistent with self-efficacy and school sense of community mediating effects of social support on psychosocial adjustment. The multigroup comparison indicates a need for more complex developmental models and more research on how changing forms of support interact with each other as their effects also change during this important stage of the life. Implications for primary prevention and cross-cultural comparisons are discussed
Place Attachment in Adolescence
No full textThe concept of attachment in psychology, particularly in child and adolescent development, usually refers to theories and studies by Bowlby (1969) and others on emotional attachments to parents in early childhood and to peers and other relevant people in later childhood and adolescence. This essay will present a different form of attachment: attachment to places. Focusing on nonsocial and non-mutual attachments may seem to conflict with Bowlby’s concept of attachment, but it can be considered an extension of it. Although no one can deny the importance of bonds with primary caregivers, one develops different forms of attachments during ones’ lifetime – with people, groups, places, objects – that are also important. The importance of place attachment, especially during adolescence, a key developmental period for the formation of both identity and attachments beyond the immediate family, is in line with the new frontiers of developmental psychology, which aim to understand the ecological impact of different contexts, not only proximal and dyadic, but also distal and at higher levels of analysis, on youth’s development and well-being. After introducing the main definitions and some controversial measurement issues, the essay will present key findings in adolescent research and some ideas for interventions relating to adolescents’ attachment to places
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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