1,720,957 research outputs found
DETERMINANTS OF FISCAL DISCIPLINE IN NIGERIA 1980-2015
Get PDFFiscal Discipline (FD) is the ability of government to efficiently maintain smooth and
long-term financial operations in relation to total revenue, financial balance, public debt
and total spending. The growing fiscal deficit across countries and, the European
sovereign debt crisis of 2010 underscored the need for FD. In Nigeria, the growing debt,
unmanageable budget deficit, consistent imbalance in expenditure and revenue variance,
and unnecessary delay in budget processes have made FD critical. However, little
attention has been devoted to the identification of the determinants of FD in Nigeria. This
study, therefore, examined the determinants of FD in Nigeria from 1980 to 2015.
The Common pool resource theory provided the framework for the econometric model
in the mould of Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Data were sourced from
Central Bank of Nigeria’s Statistical Bulletin, World Development Indicators, Quality of
Governance Basic Data Set, and Approved Annual Budgets. The extent of FD was
assessed using four complementary measures: Primary Balance (PB), Debt Sustainability
(DS), Expenditure Variance (EV) and Revenue Variance (RV). The examined
determinants of FD included spending units, capital inflows, government size, political
regime, trade openness and transparency. The time-series properties of these variables
were examined. The Bounds test approach and Error Correction Modeling technique
were deployed for the long-run and short-run analyses, respectively. All estimates were
validated at р≤0.05.
The FD models, (except DS) exhibited a long-run path (PB, F-Stat. 29.4; EV, F-Stat.14.6;
RV, F-Stat.55.0) in which spending units exerted significant influence on the measures
of FD. A percentage increase in spending units led to rise in PB (2.0%, t=4.77) and EV
(0.4%, t=2.96) and decline in RV (2.6%, t=5.94). Similarly, a percentage increase in
government size also led to rise in PB (23.5%, t=4.84) and EV (22.1%, t=3.61) and a fall
in RV (52.7%, t=3.81). Conversely, trade openness reduced the PB (6.9%, t=3.27), while
political regime (0.09, t=3.94) indicated that military regimes were more disciplined than
democratic regimes. Capital inflows reduced EV (42.2%, t=3.92).
The short-run estimates showed that a percentage increase in spending units deteriorated
RV (1.6%, t=6.30), and increased the PB (1.3%, t=8.13) and EV (0.4%, t=2.11). In
contrast, a percentage increase in capital inflows lowered the PB (26.1%, t=5.57) and EV
(33.3%, t=3.39) and increased the RV (37.8%, t=5.99). A percentage increase in
transparency lowered PB (0.4%, t=9.54) and EV (0.6%, t=5.14).
Fiscal discipline was evidently lacking in Nigeria from 1980 to 2015, as primary balance,
debt sustainability, expenditure variance and revenue variance indicated fiscal
indiscipline. The indiscipline was essentially determined by spending units, government
size, and regime type, as military regime was more discipline than democratic regimes.
Therefore, there is the need to ensure fiscal discipline in fiscal operations accordingly
Sectoral productivity and real exchange rate effects of remittances: evidence from Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examines the impact of remittances on Nigeria’s real exchange rate and the productivity of its tradable and non-tradable sectors. Drawing on the Dutch Disease Model and the Balassa–Samuelson Effect, the research investigates how remittance inflows influence economic dynamics in a developing, oil-dependent economy. Using annual data from 1980 to 2022 obtained from the World Development Indicators and the Central Bank of Nigeria, the study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to analyse both short- and long-term effects. The results reveal a complex relationship that challenges traditional expectations. In the short term, remittances decrease productivity in the tradable sector while improving productivity in the non-tradable sector. However, over time, the tradable sector recovers and experiences sustained gains, whereas the non-tradable sector experiences declines in productivity. Contrary to the Dutch Disease hypothesis, remittances do not exert a long-term impact on the real exchange rate. Other factors, including trade openness, inflation, and terms of trade, also significantly influence the real exchange rate and tradable sector. The findings suggest that Nigeria should avoid over-reliance on remittances as a tool for exchange rate stabilisation. Instead, efforts should prioritise strengthening the capital market, curbing capital flight, and promoting export growth. By shedding new light on the intricate effects of remittances, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers in Nigeria and other developing economies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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