1,721,269 research outputs found
Gene Co-Expression in Postmortem Brain Tissue Reveals the Role of Dopamine Receptor D2 in Prefrontal Cortical Networks
No full textSchizophrenia research offers a wealth of unanswered questions, but one thing we do know is that the dopamine receptor D2 is fundamental to psychosis and risk for schizophrenia. Genetic variation associated with DRD2 mRNA is associated with brain activity and connectivity, and we are only beginning to unravel how genetic variants exert their function at system-level
Phorbol esters do not influence the maturation and the beta-adrenergic responsiveness of differentiated adipose precursor cells, cultured in a charcoal-treated serum medium
No full textPhorbol esters are a well defined group of tumor-promoting substances, which influence the proliferation, the differentiation and the hormonal responsiveness of a wide variety of cell types through the activation of protein-kinase C. Opposite effects have been described on the beta-adrenoceptors and the adenylate cyclase activity, depending on the cell type. Since there is no information about the influence of these substances on lipolysis in adipose precursor cells, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of 7 days exposure to phorbol esters on the differentiation and the lipolytic responsiveness of rat preadipocytes, cultured in 10% charcoal-treated fetal calf serum. Our results demonstrate that prolonged exposure to these tumor promoters does not influence the differentiation, the beta-adrenoceptors number and the lipolytic response to adenylate cyclase or beta-adrenergic agonists in differentiated cells
Detour behaviour in attack trained dogs: left-turners perform better than right-turners
No full textDetour behaviour was investigated in attack-trained dogs faced with a "U"-shaped vertical barrier behind which a figurant (target) was located. Left-turners took less time to detour the barrier than right-turners. The most logical explanation for the lateral asymmetries observed in dogs' detour behaviour is to assume that they reflect preferential use of the right or the left eye in visual analysis of the target. Given that the lateral field of each eye of dogs projects mainly to the contralateral side of the brain, shorter latencies to solve the task observed in left-turners (right visual hemifield) with respect to right-turners (left visual hemifield) are consistent with specialisation of the left hemisphere in prey-catching behaviour. Overall our results supported previous evidence that cerebral lateralisation in vertebrates can directly affect visually guided motor responses and have practical implications for personnel involved in the selection of dogs trained specifically to assist police and other law-enforcement personnel in their work
Obesity as a Major Risk Factor for Cancer
Full text linkThe number of cancer cases caused by being obese is estimated to be 20% with the increased risk of malignancies being influenced by diet, weight change, and body fat distribution together with physical activity. Reports from the International Agency for Research into Cancer and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) have shown that the strongest evidence exists for an association of obesity with the following cancer types: endometrial, esophageal adenocarcinoma, colorectal, postmenopausal breast, prostate, and renal, whereas the less common malignancies are leukemia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, multiple myeloma, malignant melanoma, and thyroid tumours. To be able to develop novel methods in prevention and treatment, we first must understand the underlying processes which link cancer to obesity. Four main systems have been identified as potential producers of cancer in obesity: insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, sex steroids, and adipokines. Various novel candidate mechanisms have been proposed: chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, crosstalk between tumour cells and surrounding adipocytes, migrating adipose stromal cells, obesity-induced hypoxia, shared genetic susceptibility, and the functional defeat of immune function. Herein, we review the major pathogenic links between obesity and susceptibility to cancer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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