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Effect of slope and altitude on the costs of forage production in mountain areas
No full textMountain grassland, if site-specific managed, is an important source of ecosystem services. However, by
increasing altitude and slope, climatic constraints and limitation to the use of machinery are expected to
increase the costs of forage production, increasing in turn the risk of abandonment. In order to assess the
effect of altitude and slope on the production costs for the mountain meadows in South Tyrol, a threeyear
study was locally conducted on about 100 fields with an altitude ranging between 1,300 and 2,100
m a.s.l. and a slope of between 3 and 86%. Costs of machinery and personnel, as well as an estimate of
the forage yield, were assessed. The costs per hectare were found to depend on the slope only, while both
the altitude and the slope affected the costs per unit of weigh
BIENNIAL STUDY OF SEED PRODUCTION IN A HILLY ARRHENATHERION MEADOW
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the seeds production of the second cut of a hilly arrhenatherion in Pianari place in the town of Marostica (Vi). The year under review is 2010. The datas obtained are compared with datas from other studies carried out on three cuts of the same field, the first cut of the same year and the first and second cut of the previous year, 2009. The comparisons have focused primarily on the study of phenology and identified of regressions used to the seeds production estimate. With regard to the regressions that
estimating the production of seed, for each species was calculated a mean regression computed with the data of the 4 cuts, so you can find as much as possible a general formula
and released by annual climate trends. The results of the estimate seeds production obtained on the basis of the mean regression, were compared with those specific regressions identified cut for cut. Another purpose of the comparisons between the different cuts was the study of individual species, identifying which of them have during the time more constants productions regard of other species, or understand by what parameters are more influenced the change in seeds production for each species. Finally, phenological analysis datas, were crossed with those obtained from the total seed production, with the aim of identifying the most appropriate method to define the optimal timing of harvest. In this regard we resorted to the parameters as thermal sum, that used with phenological analysis, allows to release the carried out analysis from the specific weather conditions patterns of the years studied
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Costs of forage production in disadvantaged mountain areas
Get PDFMountain grassland represents an important source of ecosystem services. Its conservation is best achieved by means of a site-specific agricultural use, but less-favoured areas are currently endangered by abandonment because of ongoing socio-economic changes. In order to get a reliable figure of the costs of forage production for the mountain meadows of South Tyrol, an assessment including machinery and personnel costs, as well as the respective working times, was conducted in 2011 for 100 plots on 19 grassland farms. Our results show
a greater labour input as the steepness of meadows increases and the dimension of plots
declines. Thus, as far as farmers are rational economic agents, specific compensation measures are required for the conservation of extensive grasslands
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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