5,336,481 research outputs found
Il Raffrescamento per Ventilazione: uno Strumento per il Controllo Passivo del Carico Termico negli Edifici
No full textLa ventilazione naturale, meccanica o ibrida è un meccanismo ben noto ed utilizzato da tempo per il controllo della qualità dell'aria indoor. Tuttavia, in tempi recenti, sotto la spinta dei requisiti sempre più stringenti posti dalla normativa Europea in relazione all'efficienza energetica degli edifici, si è iniziato a rivolgere un crescente interesse verso la ventilazione, specie naturale, quale strumento per il raffrescamento passivo degli edifici. Le recenti evoluzioni del quadro normativo e legislativo, infatti, hanno portato nel cor-so del tempo a costruire edifici sempre più isolati termicamente e sempre più a tenuta d'aria. Tali misure hanno consentito indubbiamente di ridurre la domanda energetica per il riscaldamento invernale, ma hanno determinato delle crescenti problematiche di surriscaldamento dell'ambiente interno. Molti degli edifici ad alta efficienza energeti-ca di nuova costruzione presentano la necessità di essere raffrescati non solo nel periodo estivo e/o primaverile, ma anche in alcuni momenti della stagione invernale. Uno dei rimedi per ovviare a questo inconveniente, in modo energeticamente efficien-te, è quello di utilizzare la ventilazione. Quando la portata d'aria di ventilazione è ge-nerata primariamente per il controllo dei carichi termici di raffrescamento si parla di "Ventilative cooling" o "Raffrescamento per ventilazione". L'effetto benefico di questo provvedimento è duplice. Da un lato agisce sul bilancio termico dell'edificio, sfruttando la portata d'aria per rimuovere i carichi ambiente e, dall'altro, incrementa lo scambio termico sul corpo umano, poiché aumenta la velocità locale dell'aria sulla pelle, modificando quindi e le sensazioni termiche. Permette, inoltre, di abbinare la funzione di controllo dell'IAQ con quella del controllo termico. Una corretta progettazione ed utilizzo di questa tecnica deve tuttavia considerare con attenzione una serie di elementi critici e di potenziali inconvenienti. In primis, l'efficacia del ventilative cooling è legata ad una progettazione attenta dell'involucro edilizio e del sistema edificio/impianto. La misura è infatti efficace solo in quei casi dove gli apporti solari ed endogeni siano stati opportunamente e preventivamente ri-dotti. Secondariamente, l'utilizzo di aria esterna non termodinamicamente modificata può determinare problematiche di umidità relativa interne. Infine, specie nel caso di ventilazione naturale, l'impossibilità di filtrare l'aria immessa e la necessità di realizzare portate volumetriche significative comporta rischi connessi al deterioramento del-la qualità dell'aria indoor e la nascita di situazioni di rischio per ciò che concerne il discomfort locale da correnti d'aria. Nel presente articolo verranno illustrati i principi fisico tecnici alla base del ventilative cooling, si fornirà una panoramica delle strategie mediante cui questa tecnica può essere implementata negli edifici e si analizzeranno criticamente vantaggi e svantaggi. Infine, saranno presentati alcuni esempi realizzativ
Per Capita tax survey 2015: public attitudes towards taxation and government expenditure
No full textExecutive Summary : Australia has witnessed a remarkable shift in public attitudes to public spending and tax over the last two years. We no longer feel overtaxed. We want more spent on public services, especially health and education, and we are willing to pay more tax to enable that.
These sentiments were first revealed in the 2014 Per Capita Tax Survey, which marked a stark turnaround from earlier years of the Survey. In 2015, it is clear the same sentiments have hardened and that we are seeing a step-change in public attitudes after a decade in which anti-tax hostility was the norm.
Perhaps the most striking finding of the 2015 Survey is the extent to which Australians feel their tax system is unfair. Over 60% of respondents believe the system favours the wealthy. Overwhelmingly, they say that the wealthy and big business are not paying their fair share of tax. They view corporate tax avoidance in particular as a blight on the system. Only 3.2% say a tax cut for big business is warranted.
These changes have several probable causes. The first is that the Federal Government’s alarmist rhetoric has convinced Australians that the budget position can no longer sustain regular tax cuts, and more broadly that over-taxation is not a genuine problem. A second is that the Government’s approach to budget repair has inadvertently brought questions of fairness to the fore, demonstrating that the Australian public is strongly opposed to a range of regressive policies from the Medicare co-payment to the refusal to address over-generous tax concessions for the wealthy. Finally, the perception of unfairness is likely to be pronounced for wage-earners and households with children due to a weakening economic climate, in particular flat wages and rising unemployment. Economic insecurity and the fear of loss of livelihood are important drivers in the shift in attitudes towards tax.
This is the fifth Per Capita Tax Survey. The first Survey was in 2010, and it has been conducted every year since except 2013. In March 2015, the Survey asked a representative sample of 1,413 adult Australians about their attitudes to a range of questions on public spending and tax.
The specific results of the 2015 Survey are grouped into four main findings.
First, there is ongoing support for higher spending on public services. 69.3% of respondents want to see spending on services raised, while only 8.2% would rather spending were reduced. The most preferred areas for greater spending were health (with 83.3% support) and education (73.4%).
Second, we find that Australians are broadly comfortable with their own tax contributions. More than half of all respondents (53.2%) say either they pay about the right amount of tax or feel they pay too little. The gap between those who say they pay the right amount and those who say they pay too much is +12 points. This is a major turnaround from earlier surveys; in 2012, the gap was -16 points.
Third, Australians feel that the tax system is unfairly weighted in favour of high- income earners and large businesses. Two-thirds (66.9%) feel that high earners pay too little tax, and three-quarters (75.9%) think the same of big business. Over 60% say that the system favours the wealthy, and 65% think the best way to raise new taxes for public spending is to crack down on corporate tax avoidance.
Fourth the public strongly supports specific taxation and public spending policies which are progressive in nature. 77.6% of respondents would prefer spending
were cut elsewhere to pay for more funding of public schools, and most of these think spending should be cut in the non-government school system. 55.6% of respondents are opposed to a Medicare co-payment at any level, and 58.4% want to see negative gearing either restricted or abolished.
These results explain much of the opposition to measures contained in the Abbott Government’s first Budget, and why a number of them have since been abandoned. But they also suggest the government should do more to address some unfair aspects of the tax system. Policies to address corporate tax avoidance, negative gearing and superannuation tax concessions for the wealthy would be a good place to start. Given the political shift in the Abbott Government’s second Budget, and the ongoing deterioration in the budget position, such policies are becoming more and more needed.
A healthy and fair public sector and tax and transfer system is an integral part of a healthy economy. And a sustainable budget balance is an indicator, rather than a cause, of a healthy economy. The results of this year’s Survey suggest that, deep down, the electorate understands these fundamental truths
II Jornada per a l'administració electrònica
No full textIntervenen: Frederic Casanovas, Josep Casanovas, Nacho Alamillo Domingo, David Gener, Montse Mulet, Sara Piqueras, Núria Cuesta, Xavier Cañavate, Alfred Gil i Pepi Frag
II Jornada per a l'administració electrònica
No full textIntervenen: Frederic Casanovas, Josep Casanovas, Nacho Alamillo Domingo, David Gener, Montse Mulet, Sara Piqueras, Núria Cuesta, Xavier Cañavate, Alfred Gil i Pepi Frag
Un concorso per la storia
No full textL'IsAM Istituto per l’Architettura Mediterranea, ha bandito un Concorso internazionale di idee per la riconfigurazione spaziale della Cattedrale del Castello Aragonese di Ischia, protezione degli stucchi settecenteschi della zona absidale e delle navate e cappelle laterali dagli agenti atmosferici, infrastrutturazione dello spazio interno a scopi espositivi e concertistici. Il Concorso è aperto agli architetti e agli ingegneri iscritti agli Albi dei rispettivi ordini professionali e per questo autorizzati all’esercizio della professione alla data della pubblicazione del presente bando di Concorso. Il catalogo è corredato dei progetti in concorso e da scritti a commento
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Jornades del moviment per la pau. Barcelona, 13 i 14 de novembre de 2009
No full textAquesta relatoria correspon a les Jornades del Moviment per la Pau coorganitzades per la Federació Catalana d’ONG per la Pau i l’Institut Català Internacional per la Pau, i que es van desenvolupar a Barcelona durant els dies 13 i 14 de novembre de 2009. L'objectiu era reflexionar i debatre sobre els plantejaments dels quals parteix el moviment, la identificació de noves realitats, els reptes de futur, i la possible adequació a nous enfocaments o estratègies per incrementar la incidència transformadora en el camp social i polític
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