176,455 research outputs found
Governing Indigeneity Globally : Indigenous Peoples in the United Nations
No full textVäitöskirjani tarkastelee alkuperäiskansoja kansainvälisessä politiikassa, erityisesti Yhdistyneissä kansakunnissa (YK). Alkuperäiskansa-asioiden pysyvän foorumin perustaminen ja alkuperäiskansaoikeuksien kansainvälinen tunnustaminen ovat vahvistaneet alkuperäiskansojen asemaa kansainvälisellä tasolla. Näkyvin esimerkki tästä kehityksestä on YK:n Alkuperäiskansojen oikeuksien julistus. Nämä edistysaskeleet on otettu valtioihin pohjautuvassa järjestelmässä. Valtiot, joista monet ovat kolonisoineet alkuperäiskansoja ja aikaisemmin torjuneet heidän vaatimuksensa, ovat nyt tunnustamassa alkuperäiskansojen oikeuksia. Tutkimuksen taustalla on kiinnostukseni tätä paradoksaalista tilannetta ja muutokseen johtaneita syitä kohtaan.
Tutkimuksessani väitän, että alkuperäiskansojen lisääntyneet oikeudet ja poliittinen osallistuminen eivät merkitse, että alkuperäiskansoja kohtaan käytettäisiin vähemmän valtaa. Tarkastelen alkuperäiskansojen toimijuutta kahdesta näkökulmasta. Ensimmäisessä näen alkuperäiskansat uusien normien edistäjinä (norm socialisation). Identifioin erilaisia tapoja, joilla alkuperäiskansat nostavat esiin heitä koskettavia kysymyksiä, ehdottavat ratkaisuja ja pyrkivät edistämään uusien normien syntymistä. Toinen lähestymistapa, joka pohjautuu kriittiseen foucault’laiseen vallan ja hallinnan tutkimukseen (governmentality) on työssäni keskeisessä osassa. Lähestymistavan avulla keskustelen vallan kysymyksistä kolmessa eri temaattisessa yhteydessä. Ensimmäisessä tutkin alkuperäiskansojen subjektiviteettia ja vastarintaa pysyvän foorumin mikrotason valtasuhteissa. Toisessa tarkastelen alkuperäiskansaisuuden (indigeneity) ja ympäristön tiivistä yhteenkietoutumista ja sen merkityksiä kansainvälisessä politikassa. Kolmannessa tutkin tapaa jolla vallitseva ja yleisesti hyväksytty alkuperäiskansaoikeuspuhe, sen voimauttavista pyrkimyksistään huolimatta, pitää sisällään uusliberaaleja valtavaikutuksia.
Tutkimusmateriaali koostuu tekemistäni havainnoista neljässä pysyvän foorumin vuosittaisessa kokouksessa, alkuperäiskansojen, valtioiden ja YK:n järjestöjen edustajien lausunnoista, pysyvän foorumin perustamiseen liittyvistä raporteista sekä alkuperäiskansaoikeuksien erityisraportoijan raporteista. Tutkimuksen metodologinen lähtökohta on problematisointi. Se hyödyntää tekstianalyysia tutkimusmateriaalissa toistuvien ja tavanomaisina esitettyjen alkuperäiskansaisuutta koskevien käsitysten tarkastelussa. Näiden toistuvien käsitysten analyysissa olen käyttänyt kriittistä vallan ja hallinnan näkökulmaa. Analyysini paljastaa, miten usein epäpoliittisina, vakiintuneina ja hyväksyttyinä näyttäytyvät alkuperäiskansakysymykset ovat kansainvälisesti poliittisia.
Tutkimukseni eroaa alkuperäiskansoja ja politiikkaa tarkastelevista lähestymistavoista, jotka perinteisesti pitävät institutionaalisia, poliittisia ja oikeudellisia kehityksiä itsestään selvästi tavoiteltavan arvoisina ja ”hyvinä”. Nämä lähestymistavat eivät kuitenkaan kykene tunnistamaan sitä, miten valta ja hallinta ovat osa hyväntahtoisilta vaikuttavia kehityksiä ja miten monin tavoin hierarkkiset valtasuhteet jatkavat olemassaoloaan. Samalla kun alkuperäiskansojen oikeuksia, osallistumista ja alkuperäiskansaisuuden oletettuja piirteitä vaalitaan YK:n piirissä, valta ja hallinta ovat ottaneet hienovaraisempia muotoja. Alkuperäiskansojen oikeuksien lisääntynyt tunnustaminen ja poliittinen osallistuminen YK:ssa ovat osa uusliberaalia hallintaa.This dissertation studies indigenous peoples in international politics, particularly in the United Nations (UN). Indigenous peoples gained access to the organisation on a permanent basis with the establishment of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (PF). In addition, their rights are increasingly recognised by the UN member states, the most notable advance in this regard being the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This progress has taken place in a state-based system, many of whose members have colonised indigenous peoples and at least previously been hostile to their demands. Indeed, it is this paradox, and my interest in how the change has come about that provided the impetus for the research project.
Despite these advances in indigenous participation and rights, I argue that there is no less power exercised over the peoples than previously. I approach the agency of indigenous peoples from two perspectives, that of norm socialisation and that of Foucault-inspired approaches to power and governmentality. The first perspective views indigenous peoples as norm entrepreneurs. It identifies frames through which the peoples draw attention to their concerns and suggest solutions; that is, the peoples promote the acceptance of new norms by states. The latter perspective informed three analyses. In the first, I investigated the ways in which the subjectification and resistance of indigenous peoples takes place in the small-scale power relations of the PF. The second consisted of a critical examination of the constant entanglement of indigeneity and the environment in international politics and its consequences for indigenous agency. The third examined the ways in which the prevailing and accepted discourse on indigenous rights has neoliberal power effects that go beyond the proclaimed emancipatory aims of the rights.
The research material comprises observations made in four PF annual sessions; statements by representatives of indigenous peoples, states and UN agencies; reports on the establishment of the PF; and reports of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The study embraces the methodological guideline of problematisation: text analysis was applied to first identify recurrent and familiar perceptions of indigenous peoples and their agency; this then provided the basis for a critical examination of the power effects associated with the perceptions. The ultimate aim of the analysis was to recover the political in what often seems de-politicised, established and accepted in the context of indigenous peoples and international politics.
This research breaks from the more conventional approaches to indigenous peoples and politics that conceive of the international institutional, political and legal advances in indigenous issues as self-evidently desirable and ‘good’. Such approaches fail to recognise the ‘darker’ side of the seemingly benign processes involved: they overlook the many ways in which more hierarchical power relations persist. There is no denying that the ways in which indigenous peoples and indigeneity are dealt with in the UN foster indigeneity and its alleged qualities and recognise the freedoms and rights of the peoples. However, as my critical study illustrates, the growing recognition of indigenous rights and the enhanced participation of indigenous peoples signals a change in the ways in which indigenous peoples are best managed internationally, a development geared to ensuring the efficient functioning of neoliberal governance. Indeed, rather than the peoples being governed any less in international politics today, governance at work has taken on more subtle forms.This dissertation studies indigenous peoples in international politics, particularly in the United Nations (UN). Indigenous peoples gained access to the organisation on a permanent basis with the establishment of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (PF). In addition, their rights are increasingly recognised by the UN member states, the most notable advance in this regard being the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This progress has taken place in a state-based system, many of whose members have colonised indigenous peoples and at least previously been hostile to their demands. Indeed, it is this paradox, and my interest in how the change has come about that provided the impetus for the research project.
Despite these advances in indigenous participation and rights, I argue that there is no less power exercised over the peoples than previously. I approach the agency of indigenous peoples from two perspectives, that of norm socialisation and that of Foucault-inspired approaches to power and governmentality. The first perspective views indigenous peoples as norm entrepreneurs. It identifies frames through which the peoples draw attention to their concerns and suggest solutions; that is, the peoples promote the acceptance of new norms by states. The latter perspective informed three analyses. In the first, I investigated the ways in which the subjectification and resistance of indigenous peoples takes place in the small-scale power relations of the PF. The second consisted of a critical examination of the constant entanglement of indigeneity and the environment in international politics and its consequences for indigenous agency. The third examined the ways in which the prevailing and accepted discourse on
indigenous rights has neoliberal power effects that go beyond the proclaimed emancipatory aims of the rights.
The research material comprises observations made in four PF annual sessions; statements by representatives of indigenous peoples, states and UN agencies; reports on the establishment of the PF; and reports of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. The study embraces the methodological guideline of problematisation: text analysis was applied to first identify recurrent and familiar perceptions of indigenous peoples and their agency; this then provided the basis for a critical examination of the power effects associated with the perceptions. The ultimate aim of the analysis was to recover the political in what often seems de-politicised, established and accepted in the context of indigenous peoples and international politics.
This research breaks from the more conventional approaches to indigenous peoples and politics that conceive of the international institutional, political and legal advances in indigenous issues as self-evidently desirable and ‘good’. Such approaches fail to recognise the ‘darker’ side of the seemingly benign processes involved: they overlook the many ways in which more hierarchical power relations persist. There is no denying that the ways in which indigenous peoples and indigeneity are dealt with in the UN foster indigeneity and its alleged qualities and recognise the freedoms and rights of the peoples. However, as my critical study illustrates, the growing recognition of indigenous rights and the enhanced participation of indigenous peoples signals a change in the ways in which indigenous peoples are best managed internationally, a development geared to ensuring the efficient functioning of neoliberal governance. Indeed, rather than the peoples being governed any less in international politics today,
governance at work has taken on more subtle forms.acceptedVersionei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Developing a partnership of indigenous peoples, conservationists, and land use planners in Latin America
No full textIllustrating from a rich body of case material, Poole's report reflects a shift away from the traditional view - represented by certain national parks and similar protected areas - that indigenous peoples be allowed to occupy and use an area's resources following rules set by conservationists. Under the new paradigm that is developing, indigenous peoples are seen as an integral part of protected area planning through agreements worked out in partnership with conservation authorities. An example of this new approach is the role that indigenous peoples are playing in the design of biosphere reserves. Poole suggests that the Bank and other development organizations pay more attention to vernacular economies - economies based on local resources, used either for subsistence or as a source of revenue. He also recommends more research into economics and resource implications of these local activities to harvest wild resources, especially in environmentally delicate areas such as tropical rainforests.Environmental Management,Tourism and Ecotourism,Water Conservation,Natural Resources Management,Wetlands
Peoples, D J, VX38917
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/410336Surname: PEOPLES. Given Name(s) or Initials: D J. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: VX38917. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 22847.226052
Item: [2016.0049.42605] "Peoples, D J, VX38917
Indigenous peoples in Latin America : economic opportunities and social networks
No full textDespite significant changes in poverty overall in Latin America, the proportion of indigenous peoples living in poverty did not change much from the early 1990s to the present. While earlier work focused on human development, muchless has been done on the distribution and returns to income-generating assets and the effect these have on income generation strategies. The authors show that low income and low assets are mutually reinforcing. For instance, low education levels translate into low income, resulting in poor health and reduced schooling for future generations. Social networks affect the economic opportunities of individuals through two important channels-information and norms. However, the analysis shows that the networks available to indigenous peoples do not facilitate employment in nontraditional sectors.Population Policies,Rural Poverty Reduction,Anthropology,Economic Theory&Research,Investment and Investment Climate
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #1]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
[Report to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author #2]
No full textReport to Chief J. E. Curry, by an unknown author. The report contains a list of officers who gave depositions to the United States Attorney
A Vision on the Future of Aboriginal Peoples
No full textSpeech given at the Royal Commission on Aboriginals Peoples, Ottawa, July 1993First Nations House of LearningEducation, Faculty ofTeacher EducationPresident's OfficeUnreviewed[The speeches in this collection come from the Verna J. Kirkness fonds housed at the X̱wi7x̱wa Archives. This rich collection includes speeches, publications, correspondence, photographs, and other materials from the storied career of Verna J. Kirkness, a foundational figure in the history of the Indigenous Teacher Education Program (NITEP), the First Nations House of Learning, and Indigenous education in Canada. For more information about the Verna J. Kirkness fonds please contact X̱wi7x̱wa Library.]Facult
Cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia: an overview
No full textThis report brings together the most up-to-date data available from a wide range of sources to describe the status of cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia.SummaryCancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia: an overview provides a summary of statistics on cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia.Cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher for Indigenous Australians In 2004-2008, Indigenous Australians had a higher rate of new cancer cases diagnosed than non-Indigenous Australians (461 compared with 434 per 100,000) using age-standardised data. Lung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer for Indigenous Australians. In 2007-2011, the age-standardised cancer mortality rate was higher for Indigenous Australians than for non-Indigenous Australians (252 compared with 172 per 100,000). Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death for Indigenous Australians.Cancer survival is lower for Indigenous Australians Indigenous Australians diagnosed with cancer between 1999 and 2007 had a 40% chance of surviving for at least 5 years, which was lower than non-Indigenous Australians (52%).Fewer cancer-related hospitalisations occurred for Indigenous Australians From 2006-07 to 2010-11, Indigenous Australians were less likely to be hospitalised for a principal diagnosis of cancer compared with other Australians (113 compared with 170 per 10,000), although they had longer hospitalisations than other Australians (9.6 compared with 7.7 days on average).Higher prevalence of cancer-related modifiable risk factors Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have higher rates of certain lifestyle risk factors, which can partly explain some cancer incidence and mortality patterns such as: Liver cancer: Indigenous Australians are 3 times as likely to develop, and 3.3 times as likely to die from liver cancer and had a lower chance of surviving another 1 year (21% compared with 33%) than non-Indigenous Australians. Higher rates of risky alcohol consumption and higher prevalence of hepatitis B infection in this population group may be contributing factors.Cervical cancer: Indigenous females are 2.8 times as likely to develop and 3.9 times as likely to die from cervical cancer and had a lower chance of surviving another 5 years (51% compared with 67%) than non-Indigenous females. A contributing factor in the higher rates in Indigenous females could be lower rates of cervical screening for this population group.Lung cancer: Indigenous Australians are 1.9 times as likely to develop and die from lung cancer as non-Indigenous Australians. A contributing factor may be the higher prevalence of smoking among Indigenous Australians than non-Indigenous Australians (38% compared with 18%).Breast cancer in females: Indigenous females diagnosed with breast cancer in 2003-2007 had a 100% higher risk of dying from any cause by 2010 than non-Indigenous females. The poorer prognosis could be at least partly explained by the lower participation of Indigenous females in breast cancer screening (36%) than non-Indigenous females (54%). 
Social networks among indigenous peoples in Mexico
No full textThis paper examines the extent to which social networks among indigenous peoples have a significant effect on a variety of human capital investment and economic activities, such as school attendance and work among teenage boys and girls, and migration, welfare participation, employment status, occupation and sector of employment among adult males and females. The analysis uses data from the 10 percent population sample of the 2000 Population and Housing Census of Mexico and an empirical strategy that allows taking into account the role of municipality and language group fixed effects. The authors confirm empirically that social network effects play an important role in the economic decisions of indigenous people, especially in rural areas. The analysis also provides evidence that better access to basic services, such as water and electricity, increases the size and strength of network effects in rural areas.Population Policies,Access to Finance,Anthropology,Labor Policies,Housing&Human Habitats
Do indigenous peoples benefit from poverty programs? Evidence from Mexico´s 2000 census
No full textIndigenous peoples are among the poorest in Latin America, and it is often argued that social policies do not reach them. At the same time, several countries have implemented in recent years new programs for poverty reduction that should have benefited the indigenous. In this paper, we use data from Mexico's 2000 census to test whether indigenous peoples living in the southern states of Chiapas, Guerrero and Oaxaca benefit from three large government programs: PROGRESA, FISM, and PROCAMPO.
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