1,721,149 research outputs found
Personalized PREvention of Chronic DIseases (PRECeDI): a Marie Curie RISE project
No full textThe Personalized pREvention of Chronic DIseases consortium (PRECeDI) has been funded within the Horizon2020 Marie Curie RISE call, and it aims to provide high-quality, multidisciplinary knowledge through training and research in Personalized Medicine (PM), with specific reference to prevention of chronic diseases. There is a large consensus that PM is a driver of innovation for research and health care, and also for the health care system and industry as a whole. In order to harness the potential of this new concept, the PRECeDI consortium provides a cohesive framework for training staff from academic and non-academic (NA) institutions on research topics related to PM, with specific reference to the prevention of chronic diseases where there is a lack of substantial evidence, though the potential is huge. The acquisition of skills from staff will come from dedicated secondments aimed at training on research topics not available at the home institutions, and attendance to courses, workshops, seminars, conferences. The goal of secondment is to enable staff to make informed decisions for appropriately serve health care systems, new biotech industries and policy makers at the dawn of the post-genomic era. PRECeDI is a multidisciplinary group of institutions working on different facets of PM, from basic research, to economic evaluations, health service organization, and ethical, social, and policy issues
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of SNPs from Genome-Wide Association Studies of Head and Neck Cancer
No full textObjective Various genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified new head and neck cancer (HNC) susceptibility loci, although the evidence has not been systematically summarized. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of the GWASs to identify the most commonly reported genetic loci associated with a risk of HNC. Data Sources We searched the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, and GWAS databases to retrieve eligible studies, in English or Italian, published until June 1, 2017. Review Methods Only GWASs reporting data on the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and HNC were included. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Q-Genie tool. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed considering only SNPs with at least 1 significant result from the included articles, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Seven studies of case-control design were included in the review. Five studies on nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in Chinese, reporting on 27 different SNPs, were included in meta-analyses. Results show that 6 SNPs ( rs2076483, rs2975042, rs9258122, rs29232, and rs9510787) had an increased pooled estimates for A risk alleles (OR [95% CI]: 1.55 [1.36-1.77], 1.90 [1.69-2.14], 1.47 [1.31-1.65], 1.52 [1.32-1.76], and 1.22 [1.13-1.31], respectively) while G risk allele of rs3129055 reported an OR of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.33-1.67). Conclusion Our systematic review identified 5 SNPs located on chromosome 6 ( rs2076483, rs2975042, rs3129055, rs9258122, and rs29232) and 1 ( rs9510787) on chromosome 13 as significantly associated with an increased risk of NPC in Chinese
Personalized pREvention of Chronic Diseases: the PRECeDI H2020 project
No full textThe aim of the Personalized pREvention of Chronic DIseases consortium (PRECeDI) is to provide high-quality, multidisciplinary knowledge through training and research in Personalized Medicine (PM), with specific reference to prevention of chronic diseases. There is a large consensus that PM is a
driver of innovation for research and health care, and also for the health care system and industry as a whole. In order to harness the potential of this new concept, the PRECeDI consortium provides a cohesive framework for training staff from academic and non-academic (NA) institutions on research
topics related to PM, with specific reference to the prevention of chronic diseases where there is a lack of substantial evidence, though the potential is huge. The acquisition of skills from staff will come from dedicated secondments aimed at training on research topics not available at the home institutions, and attendance to courses, workshops, seminars, conferences. The goal of secondment is to enable staff to make informed decisions for appropriately serve health care systems, new biotech industries and policy makers at the dawn of the post-genomic era. PRECeDI is a multidisciplinary group of institutions
working on different facets of PM, from basic research, to economic evaluations, health service organization, and ethical, social, and policy issues. The consortium is embedded in existing cooperation structures, such as the PerMed project and the Erasmus Mundus ERAWEB II program, with additional leading SMEs in Europe and Canada as beneficiaries. The consortium consists of 11 partners, of which 7 are academic
institutions and 4 NA, including 2 SMEs. During 4-years, 30 researchers will be seconded to 11 institutions, where researchers will be supported by a team of leading EU scientists in PM
related disciplines. In the long run, PRECeDI will foster the integration of PM in the field of prevention, thus contributing to better health for Europe’s citizen
Carotenoid intake from natural sources and colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies
No full textCarotenoid intake from natural sources has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological evidence for the association between carotenoid intake from natural sources and CRC development. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies to investigate whether the intake of specific carotenoids from natural sources, as well as combined carotenoids, is associated with the risk of CRC overall and by anatomic subsite. A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and Scopus databases was performed. Twenty-two articles were identified from the literature search, of which 16 were case-control studies and 6 were cohort studies. In the random-effects meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies, we found no association between the intake of individual and total carotenoids and the risk of CRC overall and by anatomic subsite. Overall, our findings do not support a significant association between intake of specific carotenoids from dietary sources, as well as combined carotenoids, and the risk of CRC overall and by anatomic subsite
Genetic susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis: statistical analysis of genetic variants and brain gene expression data
No full textBiormaker discovery for multifactorial diseases: methodology and applications to Multiple Sclerosis.
No full text
Association of national smoke-free policies with per-capita cigarette consumption and acute myocardial infarction mortality in Europe
No full textBackground Evidence on the association between smoke-free policies and per-capita cigarette consumption and mortality due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Europe is limited. Hence, we aimed to assess this association and to evaluate which factors influence it.Methods We performed an interrupted time series analysis, including 27 member states of the European Union and the UK, on per-capita cigarette consumption and AMI mortality. A multivariate meta-regression was used to assess the potential influence of other factors on the observed associations.Methods We performed an interrupted time series analysis, including 27 member states of the European Union and the UK, on per-capita cigarette consumption and AMI mortality. A multivariate meta-regression was used to assess the potential influence of other factors on the observed associations.Results Around half of the smoke-free policies introduced were associated with a level or slope change, or both, of per-capita cigarette consumption and AMI mortality (17 of 35). As for cigarette consumption, the strongest level reduction was observed for the smoking ban issued in 2010 in Poland (rate ratio (RR): 0.47; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.53). Instead, the largest level reduction of AMI mortality was observed for the intervention introduced in 2012 in Bulgaria (RR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.42). Policies issued more recently or by countries with a lower human development index were found to be associated with a larger decrease in per-capita cigarette consumption. In addition, smoking bans applying to bars had a stronger inverse association with both cigarette consumption and AMI mortality.Results Around half of the smoke-free policies introduced were associated with a level or slope change, or both, of per-capita cigarette consumption and AMI mortality (17 of 35). As for cigarette consumption, the strongest level reduction was observed for the smoking ban issued in 2010 in Poland (rate ratio (RR): 0.47; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.53). Instead, the largest level reduction of AMI mortality was observed for the intervention introduced in 2012 in Bulgaria (RR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.42). Policies issued more recently or by countries with a lower human development index were found to be associated with a larger decrease in per-capita cigarette consumption. In addition, smoking bans applying to bars had a stronger inverse association with both cigarette consumption and AMI mortality.Conclusions The results of our study suggest that smoke-free policies are effective at reducing per-capita cigarette consumption and AMI mortality. It is extremely important to monitor and register data on tobacco, its prevalence and consumption to be able to tackle its health effects with concerted efforts
Polygenic risk prediction models for colorectal cancer: a systematic review
Full text linkBackground Risk prediction models incorporating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could lead to individualized prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the added value of incorporating SNPs into models with only traditional risk factors is still not clear. Hence, our primary aim was to summarize literature on risk prediction models including genetic variants for CRC, while our secondary aim was to evaluate the improvement of discriminatory accuracy when adding SNPs to a prediction model with only traditional risk factors. Methods We conducted a systematic review on prediction models incorporating multiple SNPs for CRC risk prediction. We tested whether a significant trend in the increase of Area Under Curve (AUC) according to the number of SNPs could be observed, and estimated the correlation between AUC improvement and number of SNPs. We estimated pooled AUC improvement for SNP-enhanced models compared with non-SNP-enhanced models using random effects meta-analysis, and conducted meta-regression to investigate the association of specific factors with AUC improvement. Results We included 33 studies, 78.79% using genetic risk scores to combine genetic data. We found no significant trend in AUC improvement according to the number of SNPs (p for trend = 0.774), and no correlation between the number of SNPs and AUC improvement (p = 0.695). Pooled AUC improvement was 0.040 (95% CI: 0.035, 0.045), and the number of cases in the study and the AUC of the starting model were inversely associated with AUC improvement obtained when adding SNPs to a prediction model. In addition, models constructed in Asian individuals achieved better AUC improvement with the incorporation of SNPs compared with those developed among individuals of European ancestry. Conclusions Though not conclusive, our results provide insights on factors influencing discriminatory accuracy of SNP-enhanced models. Genetic variants might be useful to inform stratified CRC screening in the future, but further research is needed
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