1,720,972 research outputs found
Decentramento finanziario e sviluppo economico: una verifica della relazione a livello europeo
No full textTentativo di individuazione della relazione fra grado di decentramento finanziario e livello di sviluppo economico presenti nei paesi europei
Success of a flexible behavior. Considerations on the manufacture of Late Epigravettian lithic projectile implements according to experimental tests
No full textIt is generally recognized that the function and modality of hafting are the main factors influencing mental templates, and consequently, stone tool standardization. But what role do technical knowledge and traditions play? In this study, we investigate the interaction between mental templates and technological choices in the manufacture of Late Epigravettian projectile implements. The examined specimens come from different dwelling phases of the Dalmeri rock shelter (Italian Alps). Technological analyses suggest that lithic production systems gradually simplified their structure over time, implying a shift in technical investment from shaping on the core to a subsequent shaping on the derived flake blank. However, correlations between the dimensions and morphological features among the armatures from the different units suggest that mental templates remained unchanged throughout the Alleröd. Experimentation attests to the frequent combined application of different retouching techniques. Further, the variability in their arrangement denotes the absence of strict rules and the Epigravettian capability to recognize the most situationally suitable method. In the Dalmeri rock shelter, the standardization of lithic projectile implements is therefore a result of flexibility in retouching, framed in a production system characterized by a progressive simplification. A such rapidly produced and responsive technology must have been encouraged by Late Glacial climatic and environmental changes and the occupation of alpine territories previously inaccessible. Thus, the flexibility of technical behaviors turns out to be a key element in the transformation of Late Epigravettian societies during this period, enabling them to adapt and evolve in response to environmental, social, and economic changes
Analysis of patients' needs after liver transplantation in Tuscany: a prevalence study.
Full text linkBACKGROUND: The reorganization of the healthcare system in Tuscany aims at characterizing the hospitals as a place for the treatment of acute patients. This event, together with the improvement of long-term survival after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), calls for a management network able to ensure effective continuity of care for patient needs in the posttransplantation period.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational study of prevalence has been carried out with the primary objective to evaluate patients' needs and criticalities both in routine daily life and in urgency in the posttransplantation period and the capacity of the regional health system to support them. A survey, using a semi-structured questionnaire consisting of 27 questions, was administered to all patients resident in Tuscany who underwent transplantation from 2000 to 2010. The survey tool assessed the following: socio-demographic data, personal, family and social difficulties, problems emerged in the clinical routine and urgency, resolution modality, relationships with the general practitioner and the referral specialist, and services the patients would appreciate receiving in their province of residence.
RESULTS: In the study, 346 patients matched the inclusion criteria of the study, 324 gave telephone consent to participate in the survey, and 225 responded (69.4%). The most frequent difficulties were as follows: depression (39.5%), difficulty in returning to work (29.3%), low income (22.6%), lack of self-sufficiency (22.6%), addictions (19.1%) (cigarette smoking 16.4%), 12.4% eating disorders, and 18.9% other difficulties (social isolation, absence of a family network, and so on). The main reasons for dissatisfaction were as follows: difficulty to obtain the required laboratory tests and lack of a reference structure at the local health facility. Few patients have a referral specialists in their area and most of them primarily refer to the Transplant Center even late after the procedure.
DISCUSSION: Early diagnosis of specific conditions (depression, addiction, and eating disorders) should be implemented in the follow-up period and services such as counselling, dietary support, rehabilitation, and social services should be provided locally. An integrated management system between the transplantation center and the local facilities (hospitals, general practitioners, primary care, and laboratories) should be implemented and referral specialized centers should be identified locally
Relation between sleep deprivation and nursing errors during the night shift
No full textINTRODUZIONE: Gli infermieri che lavorano di notte, spesso sperimentano alti livelli di sonnolenza, che sono la conseguenza biologica del ritmo circadiano, che induce il sonno in particolari ore della notte, aumentando il rischio di errori ed incidenti. OBIETTIVO: Secondo gli ultimi dati dichiarati dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (Oms), sono almeno 134 milioni i pazienti che ogni anno sono vittime di eventi avversi che si verificano a causa della mancanza di sicurezza nelle prestazioni sanitarie e 2,6 milioni quelli muoiono per questo, ma la maggior parte di questi decessi sono evitabili. Lo studio ha l’obiettivo di indagare la relazione tra la privazione del sonno e gli errori nell’assistenza sanitaria al paziente, da parte del personale infermieristico che lavora nel turno di notte. Nel settore aeronautico ed in quello dei trasporti, gli studi condotti hanno rilevato come la privazione di sonno aumenti il rischio di errori. Poche le ricerche che hanno indagato l’assistenza notturna infermieristica. METODO: È stata condotta una ricerca della letteratura interrogando le banche dati PubMed e Cochrane limitando la selezione degli articoli agli ultimi 10 anni. Solo uno studio ha soddisfatto i nostri parametri:“ Sleep Deprivation and Error in Nurses who Work the Night Shift” del 2014, di Arlene L. Johnson, il cui questionario è stato adattato alla realtà italiana e somministrato ad un campione di 41 mila infermieri, al quale hanno risposto in 3358. RISULTATI: Il 94,7% dei rispondenti, durante il turno notturno, svolge attività ordinaria. Il 16,8 dei rispondenti ha commesso errori negli ultimi due turni notturni; nel 59,5 % dei casi è stato commesso un solo errore. La carenza di sonno (3-5 ore dormite nell’arco delle 24 ore del giorno che precede l’intervista) sembra determinare una maggiore frequenza di errori. Questa tendenza è particolarmente marcata presso gli infermieri impegnati nei reparti di area critica (23,9%). Anche il numero di notti, incide sulla propensione a commettere errori, con una frequenza di errore del 20,5%.INTRODUCTION: Nurses who work at night often experience high levels of sleepiness, which are the biological consequence of the circadian rhythm, which induces sleep at particular hours of the night, increasing the risk of errors and accidents. OBJECTIVE: According to the latest data declared by the World Organization of Healthcare (WHO), at least 134 million patients are victims every year adverse events that occur due to the lack of safety in the health care and and 2.6 million those who die from it, but most of these deaths are avoidable. The study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep deprivation and errors in patient care by the nursing staff who works the night shift. In the aviation and transportation sectors, studies conducted revealed as sleep deprivation increases the risk of mistakes. Few researches have investigated nighttime nursing. METHODS: A literature search was conducted by interrogating banks PubMed and Cochrane data limiting article selection to the last 10 years. Only one study met our benchmarks: "Sleep deprivation and error in Nurses who work the night shift "of 2014, by Arlene L. Johnson, whose questionnaire it was adapted to the Italian situation and administered to a sample of 41,000 nurses, to which 3358 responded. RESULTS: 94.7% of the interviewees, during the night shift, carry out ordinary activities. 16.8 of respondents made mistakes in the last two night shifts; in 59.5% of the cases only one mistake was made. Lack of sleep (3-5 hours of sleep during the 24 hours of the day before the interview) seems to determine a higher frequency of errors. This trend is particularly marked a nurses working in critical wards (23.9%). Even the number of nights, affects the propensity to make mistakes, with an error rate of 20.5%
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Success of a flexible behavior. Considerations on the manufacture of Late Epigravettian lithic projectile implements according to experimental tests
No full textIt is generally recognized that the function and modality of hafting are the main factors influencing mental templates, and consequently, stone tool standardization. But what role do technical knowledge and traditions play? In this study, we investigate the interaction between mental templates and technological choices in the manufacture of Late Epigravettian projectile implements. The examined specimens come from different dwelling phases of the Dalmeri rock shelter (Italian Alps). Technological analyses suggest that lithic production systems gradually simplified their structure over time, implying a shift in technical investment from shaping on the core to a subsequent shaping on the derived flake blank. However, correlations between the dimensions and morphological features among the armatures from the different units suggest that mental templates remained unchanged throughout the Alleröd. Experimentation attests to the frequent combined application of different retouching techniques. Further, the variability in their arrangement denotes the absence of strict rules and the Epigravettian capability to recognize the most situationally suitable method. In the Dalmeri rock shelter, the standardization of lithic projectile implements is therefore a result of flexibility in retouching, framed in a production system characterized by a progressive simplification. A such rapidly produced and responsive technology must have been encouraged by Late Glacial climatic and environmental changes and the occupation of alpine territories previously inaccessible. Thus, the flexibility of technical behaviors turns out to be a key element in the transformation of Late Epigravettian societies during this period, enabling them to adapt and evolve in response to environmental, social, and economic changes
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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