404 research outputs found
Using Digital Twin to Detect Cyber-Attacks in Industrial Control Systems
No full textThe digital transition is largely impacting industrial control systems. The integration of information and communication technologies in industrial control systems on the one hand is improving the related functionalities, on the other hand is increasing the related vulnerabilities and the attack surfaces of industrial systems. This results in the non-negligible need for protection of the operational and production processes. Although many tools are available from the Information Technology sector, these are currently not appropriate to guarantee confidentiality, integrity, and availability in the industrial domain. As a consequence, it is crucial to investigate the proper strategies and methodologies to guarantee the protection of industrial control systems. In this context, this paper aims at defining a novel tool for the detection of cyber-attacks in industrial control systems, which is based on the implementation of a virtual model for both the physical and the control layers to detect attacks. In fact, the majority of literature contributions consider the implementation of a virtual model for the only physical layer. In this paper, the virtual model for the physical and the control layers is defined as a digital twin based on a hybrid automaton. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by considering its application to a water distribution system case study
Industrial Control Systems Attack Detection by Hybrid Digital Twin
No full textThe massive digital transformation of industrial control systems, based on tight integration between information and telecommunication technologies, has enlarged the attack surfaces of the industrial systems, thus increasing the need to protect the operational and production processes. Information Technology tools are currently not able to guarantee confidentiality, integrity, and availability in the industrial domain, therefore it is of paramount importance to understand the interaction of the physical components with the information networks. This paper aims to provide a novel Intrusion Detection System for identifying cyber-attacks in cyber-physical systems: the key novel idea is to consider a virtual model for both the plant and the controller to detect attacks. In fact, most of the approaches presented in literature rely on a virtual model representing only the plant, while in this contribution we consider the plant and the controller as a system to be replicated in the digital twin and resulting in a hybrid automata. This allows the detection of attacks to the actuators, that otherwise cannot be revealed. Advantages of this approach are demonstrated by exploiting data from a water distribution system
Jacopo Sadoleto: De Laocoontis statua (1506) (FONTES 5)
No full textWhen the statue of Laocoon and his two sons in the clutch of the serpents was discovered near the Colosseum at the beginning of 1506 the excitement was great, and young Jacopo Sadoleto, later a cardinal, then a devoted humanist, composed a poem on this masterpiece based on classical verse. Sadoleto’s text is not without echoes of Vergil’s famous lines about Laocoon and his fate, and with an astonishingly independent judgment on the quality of the subject. This text has been printed in various modern publications on Sadoleto, respect to the Laocoon, but only the edition by the present author, produced in 1992, offered a critical text based on a comparison of all extant printed versions from the 16th and 17th centuries, along with a brief linguistic commentary. Since no other attempt to recover the original text and no more recent commentary have hitherto appeared, the text and commentary of the 1992 publication are here reprinted in a partly abridged, partly enlarged form in order to provide the interested scholar with a reliable text and some linguistic basics as materials for further interpretation
Plausibility or truth. Archival notes and reflections on the canvas of the ‘Militant and triumphant Church’ ascribed to Jacopo Zucchi
No full textWhile retracing the traditional history of the painting, which was fi rst ascribed to Federico Zuccari and later to
Jacopo Zucchi, the author hereby presents the long and painstaking research that has gradually confi rmed this
second hypothesis. The reader will, therefore, fi nd a synthesis of the history of this painting, which was surely
enough fi rst hosted in St Peter's Basilica, then moved to the Church of St Catherine of Alexandria and fi nally to
the Vatican Sacristy. Based on a number of inconsistencies which emerged during archival research, doubts still persist with regard to
the historicity of this historical-artistic tradition. Despite the fact that scholars are fi rmly inclined to ascribe the
painting to Zucchi, some unpublished documents tend to undermine this assumption, while still implying that the
painting might be by an artist of the Zuccari famil
Improved sinterability of particles to substrates by surface modifications on substrate metallization
No full textSintering under pressure has been in the forefront of the research and development over the past decade as an alternative to high temperature soldering and die-attach bonding for high temperature electronics. However, high bonding pressure is a deterrent to mass industrialization due to the high costs involved in the design of special tooling and complex process control parameters. Further, it can cause device cracking, especially while working with sensitive high power optoelectronics devices (e.g. high power light emitting diodes). Therefore, alternatives to enhance sinterability are highly requested. Substrate metallization is observed to play an important role while sintering. An innovative low cost method to have nanostructured surface modifications on the substrates is realized and presented here. The method is applied to enhance sinterability of Cu particles to substrate. Shear tests on samples with surface modified substrates are promising with results of ca. 25 MPa, which is 24% better than sintering on unmodified bare Cu substrate. Sintering was enabled by in-house developed hybrid Cu paste under pressureless sintering conditions of 300°C, for 60 min, and under N2 atmosphere
Hybrid Cu particle paste with surface-modified particles for high temperature electronics packaging
No full textDie-attach bonding is a key process to realize high-temperature operation of power semiconductor devices. Ag sintering has been in the forefront of the research in the past decade as a suitable alternative to high temperature solders such as AuSn. However, the high cost of Ag and low electromigration resistance have been deterrants to large scale industrialization.
Cu is ~100 times cheaper than Ag and more abundantly available. It is easy to process and recycle and displays mechanical, thermal and electrical properties comparable with Ag.
In this contribution, the research is focused on developing Cu sintering as an alternative to Ag sintering. Different sintering pastes have been prepared in-house by combining Cu particles in micro and/or nano- scale with polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG600). The performances of the pastes have been analysed and evaluated under different bonding conditions.
Shear strengths of approximately 88MPa has been achieved while working with a combination of surface modified Cu-alloy particles and PEG600 as binder. Surface modifications on the Cu-alloy particles are obtained through a selective etching of the alloying element.Sintering was performed under a bonding pressure of 20MPa, at 275°C, for 30min, under N2. In comparison with hybrid Cu particle pasteunder the same experimental conditions, the result is very promising and better by a factor 2
Il generale si candida. Élite militare e competizione elettorale nell'Italia liberale
No full textConsidering the military as an élite among the others that ruled the Italian liberal state, the author proposes an analysis of some election campaigns in which high-ranking army officers were involved as candidates. The social networks and the personal strategies implemented by the officers are shown through their private and family archives, in particular the one related to count Luigi Majnoni d’Intignano, a Lombard aristocrat who ran for a seat twice, and under very different conditions. In the end, the research allows a deep rethinking about the role and the representation of the relationship between Italian military élite and politics before the Great War
Francisco de Assis na Legenda Áurea de Jacopo de Varazze
No full textO objetivo deste artigo é propor uma análise da presença de São Francisco de Assis na Legenda Áurea e os recursos intelectuais de seu autor, Jacopo de Varazze, quase sempre utilizados com o fim de evangelizar e responder às novas necessidades espirituais dos séculos XII e XIII, nos sermões dos dominicanos. Para tanto será discutido o contexto histórico desse período como grande responsável, não apenas pela formação do clérigo Jacopo de Varazze e sua obra, mas também pelo surgimento das ordens mendicantes e seus idealizadores. The purpose of this article is to propose an analysis about the presence of Saint Francis of Assisi in the Golden Legend and the intelectual prowess of its author, Jacopo de Varazze, often used in order to evangelize and meet the spiritual needs of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries, in the sermons of the domicians. To do so will discuss the historical context of this period as largely responsible, not only for the formation of Jacopo de Varazze and his work, but also by the emergence of the mendicant orders and their creators
Machine Learning Techniques for Anomaly Detection in the Hydra Testbed: A Data-Driven Defense Strategy
No full textAs cyber-attacks targeting Critical Infrastructures become increasingly sophisticated, successfully identifying breaches has become more challenging. Failure to detect intrusions can undermine the confidence in security services, compromising data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This paper introduces the HydraCPS dataset, a novel resource designed to detect cyber-physical attacks on water distribution systems. Generated through simulations on the Hydra testbed, which emulates a real-world water distribution system, the dataset includes ground truth labels essential for supervised training. Intrusion detection is framed as a classification problem, employing various Artificial Intelligence techniques to distinguish between nominal and attack conditions. The comprehensively labeled HydraCPS dataset provides a robust foundation for IDS evaluation. The Hydra testbed’s detailed simulation of a water distribution system makes it an effective tool for identifying attacks on critical infrastructure. This enhances the relevance and applicability of the HydraCPS dataset in developing and evaluating IDS models aimed at protecting vital systems. Our goal is to facilitate the design of efficient and effective intrusion detection systems by leveraging new IDS datasets and utilizing the detailed and realistic attack simulations provided by HydraCPS for improved model training and evaluation
Jacopo Sansovino a ca’ Tiepolo
No full textUsing unpublished documents of the Venetian State Archive, the author tries to reconstruct the history of the
former Tiepolo palace in the ward of San Felice as well as a precise chronology of the restoration works conducted
by Jacopo Sansovino in 1560 for Alvise Tiepolo, Procurator of Saint Mark’s. It appears that the architect
not only consolidated the foundations, but also divided the palace in two independent houses using a doubleramp
interior staircase according to a typical 16th century and remade the windows of the lower piano nobile
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