135,950 research outputs found
Difesa dei confini, accoglienza, integrazione multiculturale : Note introduttive sul diritto dell'immigrazione
No full textLe migrazioni hanno inizio con il genere umano e ne hanno consentito lo sviluppo. Ma come ci si rapporta con il nuovo arrivato, con lo straniero? Quali sono i principi fondamentali da seguire quando un ordinamento si trova a "ricevere" un soggetto migrante oppure vere e proprie "ondate migratorie"? L'Autore esamina le interazioni, talvolta problematiche, fra il diritto di uno Stato a regolamentare l'immigrazione e il diritto dei migranti a spostarsi da un paese ad un altro, alla luce dell'attuale quadro politico-giuridico europeo e italiano. Una volta che il migrante è poi accolto stabilmente nell'ordinamento vanno definite le regole della convivenza e dell'integrazione multiculturale
Sistema penale e fenomeno migratorio
No full textMolteplici sono gli spazi di intervento penale nel contesto del fenomeno migratorio; plurime e diversificate le sue funzioni.
L’ordinamento può servirsi dello strumento penale per tutelare l’interesse dello Stato a regolamentare i propri confini. Alcune fattispecie penali incriminano il migrante che entra o soggiorna irregolarmente nel territorio o che vi fa ritorno dopo essere stato espulso. Altre sono dirette alla repressione di coloro che favoriscono l’immigrazione illegale: si tratta dei “trafficanti di migranti”, ma anche di tutti i soggetti che procurano in qualsiasi modo l’ingresso illegale nel territorio dello Stato. In quest’ultima ipotesi, diviene molto controversa l’incriminazione delle condotte di favoreggiamento ispirate da ragioni meramente umanitarie.
Eppure, qualora il migrante irregolare sia al contempo vittima di gravi reati, come nel caso emblematico del traffico di esseri umani, il sistema cambia sensibilmente la propria inclinazione di fondo e lo difende: è un bene giuridico di tipo personale, la libertà individuale dello stesso migrante, a giustificare la norma penale e l’applicazione della sanzione all'aggressore.
Infine, la risorsa penalistica definisce i limiti invalicabili della tolleranza multiculturale, individuando le regole minime di convivenza fra culture differenti. Si discute sul valore da attribuire in sede penale alla tradizione culturale del reo nell'ambito dei “reati culturalmente orientati”: comportamenti imposti o comunque approvati da un gruppo culturale – come nel caso emblematico della circoncisione rituale femminile - i quali costituiscono reato nello Stato d’accoglienza
Prasinocyma baumgaertneri Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, 2016, sp. n.
No full textPrasinocyma baumgaertneri sp. n. (Figs 8, 49, 85) Holotype. ♂, C. Ethiopia, Oromia, southern Bale Mts, Harenna Forest, 2385m, 6.7139 °N, 39.7268 °E, 28.XII. 2013 – 10.I. 14, D. Wiersbowsky; BC ZSM Lep 81479, gen.prp. ZSM G 19528. Paratypes. Oromia: 1 ♂, id. (locality no. 80); 1 ♂, Ethiopia, Bale mountains, Harenna Forest 1600m (lux) 21.II. 2010, leg. F. Parisi. A. Sciarretta, coll. DAEF (DAEF gen.prp. GO); 1 ♂, Ethiopia, Bale mountains, Harenna Forest 1600m (lux) 27.IX. 2009, leg. Palladino, Parisi, Sciarretta, coll. DAEF; 1 ♂, Ethiopia, Bale mountains, Harenna Forest 1800m (lux) 22.II. 2010, leg. F. Parisi. A. Sciarretta (BC ZSM Lep 81816, DAEF gen.prp. GP); 1 ♂, C. Ethiopia, Oromia, Southern Bale Mts, Harenna Forest, Katcha clearing, 1810m, 6.6167 °N – 39.7782 °E, 21.II. – 7.III. 2014, D. Wiersbowsky (gen.prp. ZSM G 19654); 1 ♀, C. Ethiopia, Oromia, southern Bale Mts, Harenna Forest, 1825m, 06° 37.101 N, 39 ° 46.422 E, 16. – 25.XI. 2014, D. Wiersbowsky.— Southern Nations: 1 ♂ 6 ♀, Äthiopien [Ethiopia], Ostafrikanischer Graben [East African Rift Valley], South Nation, Bonga, 16 km E, 2440m, 07° 11 ’ N 36 ° 28 ’ E, 04.V. 2013, Beck R. & R. Wanninger leg (BC ZSM Lep 81862); 1 ♂, Ethiopia, Kaffa, 27 km to Bonga, 1900m, 7 ° 18 ’N 36 ° 10 ’E, 1.V. 2008, leg. S. Naumann, Schnitzler (gen.prp. ZSM G 19637); 2 ♀, S. Ethiopia, Oromia, 13 km S Agere Maryam, 1960m (lux), 5.5149 °N, 38.2529 °E, 7.XI. 2010, leg. de Freina, Hacker, Peks, Schreier (BC ZSM Lep 84177 and 84178). Description. Adult (Fig. 8). Wingspan. Male and female 25 – 34 mm. Ground colour bluish green, slightly irrorated with white strigulae. Forewings with white spot at ½ of the inner margin. Discal dots of hindwing developed as an elongate dark green streak towards costa, discal dots absent from forewings. Terminal dots absent from all wings. Hindwing termen usually slightly angled at M 3. Length of male palpi 1.5 times diameter of eye, tip and upperside brown, underside white. In female 2.0 – 2.5 times length of diameter of eye. Frons deep green. Antennae bipectinate in male, filiform in female. Antennal branches pale ochre. Male frenulum present, weak. Male hindtibia with four spurs, with large projection at tip, covering half of first tarsomere. Male genitalia (Fig. 49). Uncus broad, tegumen extended to two plates. Valva with two spinulose crests and with basal elongate triangular process. Aedeagus very narrow and linear, length 1.65 – 1.85 mm. Sternum A 8 sclerotized, with two shallow lobes, often irregularly shaped. Female genitalia (Fig. 85). Sterigma extended as a bipartite, alate sclerite. Lamella antevaginalis developed as a diffuse, irregularly shaped membrane. Ductus bursae long and narrow, posteriorly sclerotized. Corpus bursae large, oval. Signum absent. Differential diagnosis. In male genitalia the two spinose crests on the valve distinguished from all other Prasinocyma species by the two spinose crests on the valve. The broad uncus and basal elongate triangular process reminiscent of the equivalents in the preceding species (P. getachewi sp. n.) and P. s i m i a r i a, but clearly differing from both in the spinose crests on the valva, differing from P. simiaria also by the white spot at ½ of the inner margin of forewing. Basal projection of valva perhaps homologous to equivalents in P. pumilata and P. immaculata. Genetic data. BIN: BOLD:ACL 7685. Intraspecific variation low: 0.15 % (n= 3). Nearest neighbour in Ethiopia: P. getachewi sp. n. (1.7 %), the latter being represented by a short sequence only, so far. Distance from P. bongaensis 3.6 %. Etymology. The name refers to Prof. Johann Baumgärtner, Molinis (Switzerland), who worked for many years in Ethiopia, and shared entomological research with one of the authors.Published as part of Hausmann, Axel, Sciarretta, Andrea & Parisi, Francesco, 2016, The Geometrinae of Ethiopia II: Tribus Hemistolini, genus Prasinocyma (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae), pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 4065 (1) on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4065.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/27049
Block Factorization of the Relative Entropy via Spatial Mixing
No full textWe consider spin systems in the d-dimensional lattice Zd satisfying the so-called strong spatial mixing condition. We show that the relative entropy functional of the corresponding Gibbs measure satisfies a family of inequalities which control the entropy on a given region V⊂ Zd in terms of a weighted sum of the entropies on blocks A⊂ V when each A is given an arbitrary nonnegative weight αA. These inequalities generalize the well known logarithmic Sobolev inequality for the Glauber dynamics. Moreover, they provide a natural extension of the classical Shearer inequality satisfied by the Shannon entropy. Finally, they imply a family of modified logarithmic Sobolev inequalities which give quantitative control on the convergence to equilibrium of arbitrary weighted block dynamics of heat bath type
Stability of the Mézard-Parisi Solution for Random Manifolds
No full textThe eigenvalues of the Hessian associated with random manifolds are constructed for the general case of steps of replica symmetry breaking. For the Parisi limit (continuum replica symmetry breaking) which is relevant for the manifold dimension , they are shown to be non negative.Les valeurs propres de la hessienne, associée avec une variété aléatoire, sont construites dans le cas général de étapes de brisure de la symétrie des répliques. Dans la limite de Parisi, (brisure continue de la symétrie des répliques) qui est pertinente pour la dimension de la variété , on montre qu'elles sont non négatives
Prasinocyma angulifera Hausmann, Sciarretta & Parisi, 2016, sp. n.
No full textPrasinocyma angulifera sp. n. (Figs 38, 77, 105) Holotype. 1 ♂, C. Ethiopia, Oromia, southern Bale Mts, Harenna Forest, 2385m, 6.7139 °N, 39.7268 °E, 28.XII. 2013 – 10.I. 14, D. Wiersbowsky (BC ZSM Lep 81482; gen.prp. G 19527) Paratypes. Oromia: 6 ♂ 1 ♀, C. Ethiopia, Oromia, southern Bale Mts, Harenna Forest, 2385m, 6.7139 °N, 39.7268 °E, 28.XII. 2013 – 10.I. 14, D. Wiersbowsky (BC ZSM Lep 81478; gen.prp. G 19526); 2 ♀, C. Ethiopia, Oromia, Southern Bale Mts, Harenna Forest, Katcha clearing, 1810m, 6.6167 °N – 39.7782 °E, 21.II. – 7.III. 2014, D. Wiersbowsky; 1 ♂, Ethiopia, Oromia Region, sw Shewa Zone, Wenchi Crater Lake [8.781 ° N 37.891 °E], 2900m (lux) 19.IV. 2009, leg. A. Sciarretta, G. Spina (gen.prp. DAEF GI 1); 3 ♂ 1 ♀, Ethiopia, Bale mountains, Harenna Forest Karcha Camp 2350m (lux) 20.II. 2010, leg. F. Parisi, A. Sciarretta, coll. DAEF (BC ZSM Lep 81814; gen.prp. DAEF GC, GF 1); 1 ♂, Ethiopia, Bale mountains, Harenna Forest 1800m (lux) 22.II. 2010, leg. F. Parisi. A. Sciarretta, coll. DAEF (gen.prp. DAEF GD). Description. Adult (Fig. 38). Wingspan. Male and female 23 – 26 mm. Ground colour leaf green, with slight bluish tinge, without pale irroration. Forewing costa and fringe whitish. Forewing with small white spot at 1 / 2 of the inner margin. Minute black discal dot on forewing, absent from hindwing. Hindwing termen angled at M 3. Male frenulum present, but very weak. Abdomen with a dorsal row of small white dots. Length of male palpi 1.3 – 1.8 times diameter of eye, tip and upperside ochre, underside white. Length of female palpi 2.0 – 2.5 times diameter of eye. Frons brown, irrorated with green scales. Antennae bipectinate in male, filiform in female. Antennal branches ochre. Male hindtibia with white pencil, four spurs and large projection at tip, covering half of first tarsomere. Male genitalia (Fig. 77). Uncus long, narrow, tapering. Socii very short. Saccus round, comparatively short. Valva membranous, without sclerotized processes, at base with coremata. Juxta with two long posterior processes, dilated and rounded at tip. Aedeagus sigmoid, long (1.85 – 2.0 mm) and narrow, with long, finely spinulose ridge. Sternum A 8 with two large membranous triangular projections, with a V-shaped deep notch at centre. Female genitalia (Fig. 105). Sterigma membranous, with concentric furrows around ostium bursae. Ductus bursae long (1.4 – 1.7 mm) and narrow, slightly sclerotized in the last third towards the slightly dilating, funnelshaped antrum. Corpus bursae elongate (1.8 – 2.0 mm), oval, membranous, signum absent. Differential diagnosis. Differing from P. camerunalta in ground color more bluish, fringe white, hindwing termen angled, and in the white dorsal dots on the abdomen. In the shape of juxta (with long posterior processes, dilated and rounded at tip) very similar to P. camerunalta, but differing in the sternum A 8 with longer and more tapering projections, sacculus not dilated and without digitiform process. For differential features from P. stefani sp. n. see following species. Genetic data. BIN: BOLD: ACM 0322. Nearest neighbour in Ethiopia: P. stefani (2.3 %). Genetically not far from P. bifimbriata (6.5 %), distance from P. albisticta 8.1 %. Etymology. The name refers to the angled hindwing termen; latin angulifera = angled. Remarks. For the generic assignment see remarks to P. camerunalta and to the bifimbriata species-group.Published as part of Hausmann, Axel, Sciarretta, Andrea & Parisi, Francesco, 2016, The Geometrinae of Ethiopia II: Tribus Hemistolini, genus Prasinocyma (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Geometrinae), pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 4065 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4065.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/27049
Un'introduzione sull'adeguamento dell'ordinamento italiano alla disciplina internazionale ed europea di contrasto alla corruzione
No full textIl contributo rappresenta un aggiornamento della parte redatta dall’Autore nello studio «Corruzione pubblica e privata, responsabilità degli enti e modelli di organizzazione ai fini di contrasto di condotte di corruzione. La questione dei whistleblower» (in G. Fraschini, N. Parisi, D. Rinoldi, a cura di, Protezione delle "vedette civiche": il ruolo del whistleblowing, Edizioni di Transparency International, Milano, 2009, pp. 55-92), alla luce delle evoluzioni prodottesi nella prassi normativa internazionale e interna
Common welfare versus the spirit of private enterprise: the experience of Italian municipalization from 1880 to 1930
No full textThis paper investigates the Italian debate on municipalization between the 1880s and the 1920s and is divided into two parts. The first deals with the emergence of the municipalization in the late nineteenth century as a component in the birth of the Social State. The second part concerns the analytical tools elaborated by some leading Italian economists in the first three decades of the twentieth century, when municipalization was the expression of an entire lifecycle, with an early expanding stage (until World War I) and a later stage (under Fascism) of prevalent stagnation.Public enterprises, monopoly, welfare economics, history of economic thought,
Numerical estimate of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class in (2+1) dimensions
No full textWe study the restricted solid on solid model for surface growth in spatial dimension d = 2 by means of a multisurface coding technique that allows one to produce a large number of samples in the stationary regime in a reasonable computational time. Thanks to (i) a careful finite-size scaling analysis of the critical exponents and (ii) the accurate estimate of the first three moments of the height fluctuations, we can quantify the wandering exponent with unprecedented precision: χd=2 = 0.3869(4). This figure is incompatible with the long-standing conjecture due to Kim and Koesterlitz that hypothesized χd=2 = 2/
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