1,720,962 research outputs found
Macroecology of plant-herbivore interactions and population performance in the relict tree Prunus lusitanica L.
No full textLa comprensión de las causas y consecuencias de la variación geográfica de rasgos ecológicos a lo largo del rango de distribución de una especie es un tema central en biología evolutiva y biogeografía, pero aún permanece poco estudiado. Además, el contexto histórico en esta variación no ha sido suficientemente considerado. El presente trabajo examina, desde una aproximación multi-escala, los procesos responsables de la variación geográfica en las interacciones planta-herbívoro y la viabilidad poblacional, usando como especie de estudio el árbol relicto del Terciario Prunus lusitanica L. Este trabajo ha incluido cuatro tipos de estudios: i) trabajo de campo en ecofisiología vegetal y herbivoría, ii) experimentos de invernadero combinando tratamientos de sombra y herbivoría, iii) análisis de compuestos químicos en hojas y iv) combinación de técnicas macroecológicas como modelos de distribución de especies con datos ecológicos y genealógicos a gran escala. Los resultados muestran que la gran variabilidad geográfica en los rasgos de las interacciones planta-herbívoro y la viabilidad poblacional en P. lusitanica responde a factores bióticos como la presión de herbivoría y abióticos como la calidad del hábitat actuando a distintas escalas espaciales, pero también a diferencias en la historia de colonización de las diversas poblaciones y regiones. Así, este trabajo destaca el relevante papel de los factores históricos en la determinación de los patrones ecológicos actuales. Además, los resultados muestran una alta plasticidad fenotípica de P. lusitanica frente a factores estresantes simultáneos bióticos y abióticos, lo cual contribuye a explicar su continuada persistencia en escenarios climáticos contrastados.Understanding the causes and consequences of rangewide geographical variation in ecological processes is a central issue in evolutionary ecology and biogeography. However, it has been poorly addressed due to difficulties of collecting detailed ecological data at large spatial scales. Moreover, the historical context has not been widely considered in this variation. The present study examines, from a multi-scale approach, the processes underlying the geographical variation in ecological patterns namely plant-herbivore interactions traits and population performance, using as a study species the Tertiary relict tree Prunus lusitanica L., a paradigmatic example of the ancient subtropical flora of the Mediterranean Basin. The study comprised four types of approaches: i) ecological fieldwork on plant ecophysiology and herbivory damage, ii) greenhouse experiments combining shade and herbivory treatments, iii) laboratory analyses of leaf chemical compounds and iv) combination of macroecological techniques such as species distribution modelling with rangewide ecological and population genealogy data. Results showed that the high variability in plant-herbivore interaction traits and population performance across the range of P. lusitanica responded to distinct abiotic (such as habitat quality) and biotic (such as herbivory pressure) factors acting at different spatial scales, but also to differences in colonization history across populations and regions, highlighting the role of historical factors at determining present-day ecological patterns. Additionally, this study showed a large phenotypic plasticity of P. lusitanica in order to cope with simultaneous biotic and abiotic stresses, which contribute to explain its long persistence under contrasting climatic regimes.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, beca FPI BES-2011-046764. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: Proyecto POPULIM, subproyecto FILIN, con referencia CGL2010-22180-C03-01
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
