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    Mission and religious freedom: a Sociological research

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    The spread of Christianity to the extreme of Earth, with the missionary, was accused by the natives but also from portions of citizens around the world as a violation of the religious freedom of the peoples and as a violation of religious consciousness. Among other things, the mission identified with an unfair proselytizing, which most certainly is not consistent with the spirit of genuine Christian teaching, as no one has the right to impose his religious beliefs on others, separating people into "believers" and "infidels". The attack of another's personality or trying to impose our own positions with pressure inside is reprehensible and must be deprecated from all religious denominations. Religious freedom is absolute and inviolable, while the top all other liberties and has a direct relationship with all other freedoms and fundamental human rights. A key element for the universality of missionary work is the recognition by the missionaries of the situation of religious and cultural pluralism, the existence of various forms of diversity and the presence of others. The dilemma of modern mission is as follows: humanism or individualism? In the name of humanity should be noted transcendence of individualism. Christian universality does not mean, in any way, denial of personality and peculiarity of any man or nation. The missionary comes to perform with love the opening on the faces of others, especially the weak and haggard. Its aim is the intellectual and cultural development, the development of conditions conducive to spiritual renewal and human integration, that promote freedom not as godly ideological craving, but as a complete way of life. The human face, faithful to the image of the triune God, is pushed in the direction of circumincession, in a "reception, opening for a positive and unconditional recognition of the other". In this way the Christian mission is a humble offering apprenticeships, dialogue, recruitment and transfiguration/transformation of different religions or atheism of our time. In closing, the Christian testimony is a legitimate exercise of individual and collective right to spread the Gospel, while unfair proselytism is a perversion or distortion of genuine evangelization and straight violation of the religious freedom of man, which explicitly condemned by the global law.Η διάδοση του Χριστιανισμού στις εσχατιές της γης, με την ιεραποστολή, κατηγορήθηκε από τους ιθαγενείς αλλά και από μερίδες πολιτών ανά τον κόσμο ως καταστρατήγηση της θρησκευτικής ελευθερίας των λαών και ως καταπάτηση της θρησκευτικής συνείδησης. Μεταξύ άλλων η ιεραποστολή ταυτίστηκε με τον κακόπιστο προσηλυτισμό, πράγμα που επ’ ουδενί δε συνάδει με το πνεύμα της γνήσιας χριστιανικής διδασκαλίας, καθώς κανένας δεν έχει το δικαίωμα της επιβολής των θρησκευτικών του πιστεύω σε άλλους, διαχωρίζοντας τους ανθρώπους σε «πιστούς» και «άπιστους». Η προσβολή της προσωπικότητας του άλλου ή η προσπάθεια επιβολής των δικών μας θέσεων με πιεστικά μέσα είναι κατακριτέα και οφείλει να αποδοκιμαστεί απ΄ όλες τις θρησκευτικές ομολογίες. Η θρησκευτική ελευθερία είναι απόλυτη και απαραβίαστη, ενώ αποτελεί και την κορυφή όλων των υπόλοιπων ελευθεριών και έχει άμεση σχέση με όλες τις υπόλοιπες ελευθερίες και τα θεμελιώδη ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα. Πρωταρχικό στοιχείο για την παγκοσμιότητα του ιεραποστολικού έργου είναι η αναγνώριση εκ μέρους των ιεραποστόλων της κατάστασης του θρησκευτικού και πολιτιστικού πλουραλισμού, της ύπαρξης διαφόρων μορφών διαφορετικότητας και της παρουσίας άλλων. Το δίλημμα της σύγχρονης ιεραποστολής διαμορφώνεται ως εξής: ανθρωπισμός ή ατομικισμός; Στο όνομα του ανθρωπισμού πρέπει να σημειωθεί αυθυπέρβαση του ατομικισμού. Η χριστιανική οικουμενικότητα δεν σημαίνει, κατ΄ ουδένα τρόπο, άρνηση της ιδιοπροσωπίας και της ιδιομορφίας κανενός ανθρώπου ή λαού. Η ιεραποστολή έρχεται να πραγματοποιήσει με την αγάπη της το άνοιγμα στα πρόσωπα των άλλων, και ειδικά των αδύναμων και των τσακισμένων. Στόχος της είναι η πνευματική και πολιτιστική ανάπτυξη, η ανάπτυξη συνθηκών που ευνοούν την πνευματική ανακαίνιση και ολοκλήρωση του ανθρώπου, που προωθούν την ελευθερία όχι σαν ευσεβή ιδεολογικό πόθο, αλλά σαν ολοκληρωμένο τρόπο ζωής. Το ανθρώπινο πρόσωπο, πιστό στην εικόνα του Τριαδικού Θεού ωθείται σε μια αλληλοπεριχωρητική κατεύθυνση, σε ένα «άνοιγμα υποδοχής, για μια θετική και χωρίς όρους αναγνώριση του άλλου». Κατ΄ αυτόν τον τρόπο η χριστιανική ιεραποστολή αποτελεί μια ταπεινή προσφορά μαθητείας, διαλόγου, πρόσληψης και μεταμόρφωσης των διαφορετικών θρησκειών ή και αθεϊσμών της εποχής μας. Κλείνοντας, η χριστιανική μαρτυρία αποτελεί νόμιμη ενάσκηση ατομικού και συλλογικού δικαιώματος στη διάδοση του Ευαγγελίου, ενώ ο αθέμιτος προσηλυτισμός αποτελεί διαστροφή ή παραμόρφωση του γνήσιου ευαγγελισμού και ευθεία παραβίαση της θρησκευτικής ελευθερίας του ανθρώπου, η οποία καταδικάζεται ρητά από την παγκόσμια δικαιοταξία

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods
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