1,721,001 research outputs found
Mechanistic insights into Pin1 peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization from umbrella sampling simulations.
No full textThe peptidyl-proyl isomerase Pin1 plays a key role in the regulation of phospho(p)-Ser/Thr-Pro proteins, acting as a molecular timer of the cell cycle. After recognition of these motifs, Pin1 catalyzes the rapid cis-trans isomerization of proline amide bonds of substrates, contributing to maintain the equilibrium between the two conformations. Although a great interest has arisen on this enzyme, its catalytic mechanism has long been debated. Here, the cis-trans isomerization of a model peptide system was investigated by means of umbrella sampling simulations in the Pin1-bound and unbound states. We obtained free energy barriers consistent with experimental data, and identified several enzymatic features directly linked to the acceleration of the prolyl bond isomerization. In particular, an enhanced autocatalysis, the stabilization of perturbed ground state conformations, and the substrate binding in a procatalytic conformation were found as main contributions to explain the lowering of the isomerization free energy barrier
The curious case of the coexistence of two “access-orders”: Explaining the Italian regional divide
No full textThis paper uses the conceptual categories of Open Access Order (OAO) and Limited Access Order
(LAO) developed by North, Wallis and Weingast (2009) to explain the origins and persistence of Italian NorthSouth
economic divide since the country unification in 1861. We argue that, despite the existence of the same set
of formal institutions, historically the North of the country progressively developed into an OAO, while in the
South only an “horizontal” transition took place whereby it remained a LAO, with aristocratic privileges being
substituted by rents allocated to lobbies and political clienteles. Using original data on crime and participation to
elections and referendums, we show that this evolution was the result of the failure of the State, in the South, to
acquire the monopoly over the legitimate use of violence and to operate as an efficient and credible coordination
mechanism. With the support of data on education and female labour participation, we claim that this led to a
much more unequal access to resources and opportunities, leading to a gap in income per capita which persisted
over time and it is still visible today being unparalleled in the Western world
The curious case of the coexistence of two “access-orders”: Explaining the Italian regional divide
Full text linkThis paper uses the conceptual categories of Open Access Order (OAO) and Limited Access Order
(LAO) developed by North, Wallis and Weingast (2009) to explain the origins and persistence of Italian NorthSouth
economic divide since the country unification in 1861. We argue that, despite the existence of the same set
of formal institutions, historically the North of the country progressively developed into an OAO, while in the
South only an “horizontal” transition took place whereby it remained a LAO, with aristocratic privileges being
substituted by rents allocated to lobbies and political clienteles. Using original data on crime and participation to
elections and referendums, we show that this evolution was the result of the failure of the State, in the South, to
acquire the monopoly over the legitimate use of violence and to operate as an efficient and credible coordination
mechanism. With the support of data on education and female labour participation, we claim that this led to a
much more unequal access to resources and opportunities, leading to a gap in income per capita which persisted
over time and it is still visible today being unparalleled in the Western world
Large-Scale, State-Owned Industry in Terni: Public Control and the Development of Small Firms
No full textIl saggio intende dimostrare che, nonostante il forte processo di deindustrializzazione conosciuto dall'area manifatturiera di Terni (in particolare il ridimensionamento della più grande impresa regionale, la Terni siderurgica) dagli anni sessanta agli anni ottanta del Novecento, una nuova schiera di piccole e medie imprese è emersa nell'ultimo ventennio che tenta, con molte difficoltà, di sostenere uno sviluppo economico del territorio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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