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Busto di don Francesco Paoli a Rovereto
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MOLECULAR SIGNALLING RESPONSE TO SHORT DURATION HIGH INTENSITY/LOW VOLUME RESISTANCE TRAINING IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE.
No full textIntroduction Resistance training (RT) is one of the most important stimuli for muscle hypertrophy, but it may play also an important role on
weight loss and fat acid (FA) oxidation increase. It has been largely demonstrated that RT affects anabolic signalling molecule phosphorylation
but, considering the numerous variables of RT, the differences between training modalities has been till now poorly investigated.
The aim of this study was to assess Akt, 4EBP1, S6 and AMPK, ACC signalling after a single bout of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT)
and of traditional resistance training (TRT). Methods 12 healthy subjects performed in two different moments and with different legs HIRT
and TRT protocol. HIRT consisted in 2 sets of 6/2/2 reps with incomplete rest between (20”) sets while TRT consisted of 4 sets x15 reps with
1’15” of rest between sets. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis were taken one week before training sessions (pre), immediately after (T0), 6
hours after (T6) and 24 hours after (T24) training. Results No significant differences were found at any of time points after exercise in AKT
and 4EBP1 phosphorylation. There was a significant increase in S6 phosphorylation at T6 both in HIRT and TRT. S6-P remained at higher
level even at T24. Exercise intensity does not seem to influence the response of AMPK: AMPK-P decreased after both kind of RT, with a
greater decrease at T6 during TRT. On the other hand, pACC activity increased immediately after HIRT and decrease after TRT, no significant
differences were measured at T6 and T24. mRNA analysis showed that HIRT seems to be more related to mechanical deformation
(MGF), while the TRT seems to act on IGF-1 pathway. Discussion Our findings suggest that a less time commitment resistance training
technique is, at least, equally effective to induce an increase of S6-P. The increase of the S6-P without a concomitant increase of AKT-P
could be explained by an AKT-independent S6 phosphorylation. The increase of the phosphorylated form of ACC in HIRT, but not in TRT,
may suggests a greater FA oxidation with high intensity/low volume resistance training compared to traditional technique. This data
seems confirm that the manipulation of different variables of RT induces different molecular and metabolic responses related to the
activation of specific muscle signaling pathways. References Andersen JL, Aagaard P. (2010). Scand J Med Sci Sports, 20(2), 32-8. Paoli A.
AM J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012 302: E387-E387. Paoli A et al. J Transl Med. 2012 Nov 24(10):237. Verdijk LB et al. Am J Clin Nutr.
2009 Feb 89(2):608-16. Paoli A et al. Clin Physiol Funct Imag (in press
The Influence of Physical Exercise, Ketogenic Diet, and Time-Restricted Eating on De Novo Lipogenesis: A Narrative Review
No full textDe novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a metabolic pathway that converts carbohydrates into fatty acids, primarily occurring in the liver and, to a lesser extent, in adipose tissue. While hepatic DNL is highly responsive to dietary carbohydrate intake and regulated by insulin via transcription factors like SREBP-1c, adipose DNL is more modest and less sensitive to dietary overfeeding. Dysregulated DNL contributes to metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Lifestyle interventions, such as physical exercise, ketogenic diets, and time-restricted eating (TRE) offer promising strategies to regulate DNL and improve metabolic health. Physical exercise enhances glucose uptake in muscles, reduces insulin levels, and promotes lipid oxidation, thereby suppressing hepatic DNL. Endurance and resistance training also improve mitochondrial function, further mitigating hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Ketogenic diets shift energy metabolism toward fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, lower insulin, and directly downregulate lipogenic enzyme activity in the liver. TRE aligns feeding with circadian rhythms by optimizing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation during fasting periods, which suppresses DNL and enhances lipid metabolism. The combined effects of these interventions demonstrate significant potential for improving lipid profiles, reducing hepatic triglycerides, and preventing lipotoxicity. By addressing the distinct roles of the liver and adipose DNL, these strategies target systemic and localized lipid metabolism dysregulation. Although further research is needed to fully understand their long-term impact, these findings highlight the transformative potential of integrating these approaches into clinical practice to manage metabolic disorders and their associated complications
Problems and Opportunities in the use of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Assessing Body Composition During Ketogenic Diets: A Scoping Review
Full text linkPurpose of the Review The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for monitoring body composition during the ketogenic diet has experienced a rapid surge. This scoping review aimed to assess the validity of procedures applying BIA in the ketogenic diet and to suggest best practices for optimizing its utilization.Recent Findings We conducted a systematic scoping review of peer-reviewed literature involving BIA for assessing body composition in individuals adhering to a ketogenic diet. Searches of international databases yielded 1609 unique records, 72 of which met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Thirty-five studies used foot-to-hand technology, 34 used standing position technology, while 3 did not declare the technology used. Raw bioelectrical parameters were reported in 21 studies. A total of 196 body mass components were estimated, but predictive equations were reported in only four cases.Summary Most research on BIA during ketogenic diets did not report the equations used for predicting body composition, making it impossible to assess the validity of BIA outputs. Furthermore, the exceedingly low percentage of studies reporting and analyzing raw data makes it challenging to replicate methodologies in future studies, highlighting that BIA is not being utilized to its full potential. There is a need for more precise technology and device characteristics descriptions, full report of raw bioelectrical data, and predictive equations utilized. Moreover, evaluating raw data through vectorial analysis is strongly recommended. Eventually, we suggest best practices to enhance BIA outcomes during ketogenic diets
Elite athletes and COVID-19 lockdown: Future health concerns for an entire sector
Full text linkIn this editorial, we focused our attention on elite athletes during the COVID-19 lockdown. A high level of physical fitness is required by elite athletes irrespective of the specific type of sport. Generally speaking, elite athletes avoid long periods of rest during and at the end of the competitive season. Normally, elite athletes stop training or reduce training volume and intensity for a period that ranges from two weeks to a maximum of four weeks
EPHESUS: E-bikes Pedalling for Healthy, Ecological and Smart Urban Sustainability
No full textThe high rate of air pollution represents a significant threat to health across the world. At the same time, the level of sedentarism is significantly increasing. In this scenario, new active transportation strategies are needed to address both these problems and e-bikes may be the answer to this need. E-bikes represent a way to promote green sustainable transport capable of facing urban congestion and pollution problems. On the other hand, since e-bikes provide electric assistance only when the rider is pushing on the pedals, they promote a low-moderate physical activity that may enhance health and reduce sitting time. This paper suggests a prototype of a smart e-bike in its initial design stages, which is tailor-made for all users. Our e-bikes will be provided with an intelligent system capable of automatically changing the assistance level based on specific physiological and environmental parameters
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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