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A novel quantitative technological approach to muscle and exercise dysfunction in the clinical rehabilitation practice of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Get PDFLa broncopneumopatia cronica ostruttiva (BPCO) è una patologia polmonare eterogenea caratterizzata da tosse produttiva, dispnea e limitazione della tolleranza all'esercizio. Inoltre, la disfunzione dei muscoli scheletrici è una delle conseguenze sistemiche più importanti della BPCO. Infatti, la disfunzione muscolare influisce negativamente sulla capacità di svolgere attività funzionali e aumenta il rischio di mortalità. Tuttavia, tale disfunzione può essere prevenuta e migliorata con l'esercizio fisico nei soggetti affetti da BPCO. In questo contesto, i progressi tecnologici possono ampliare la valutazione della funzione muscolare e consentire di ottenere dati quantitativi nella riabilitazione della BPCO.
I tre obiettivi principali di questa tesi erano: (i) Identificare gli attuali metodi di valutazione e trattamento della disfunzione muscolare nella BPCO, concentrandosi sulle tecnologie impiegate e sulla pratica clinica riabilitativa. (ii) Progettare e implementare in ambito clinico riabilitativo un setting tecnologico per valutare quantitativamente la funzione muscolare e la performance funzionale in pazienti con BPCO. (iii) Sviluppare un programma di allenamento per la disfunzione muscolare basata su esercizi eccentrici in pazienti con BPCO.
Questa tesi include cinque studi, tra cui tre revisioni sistematiche (RS), uno studio osservazionale prospettico e uno studio randomizzato controllato (RCT). Due RS hanno evidenziato rispettivamente l'eterogeneità dell'approccio nei programmi di allenamento per la disfunzione muscolare e la minore attenzione alle diverse proprietà muscolari nei pazienti con BPCO. Una terza RS ha evidenziato limitazioni nell'implementazione delle tecnologie nel contesto clinico riabilitativo della BPCO. Tuttavia, la valutazione dettagliata della funzione muscolare, supportata da tecnologie portatili, è stata fondamentale per prevedere le prestazioni funzionali nei pazienti con BPCO durante lo studio osservazionale svolto. Inoltre, l'RCT ha mostrato che specifiche modalità di esercizio possono migliorare ulteriormente la funzione muscolare dopo la riabilitazione polmonare nei pazienti con BPCO.
In conclusione, l'uso di tecnologie portatili è fondamentale per una valutazione oggettiva, accurata e riproducibile della funzione muscolare e delle prestazioni funzionali nei pazienti con BPCO. Pertanto, è necessario stabilire l’utilizzabilità clinica di tali dispositivi, nonché la loro validità e affidabilità applicata a test specifici e funzionali nella pratica riabilitativa della BPCO.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by productive cough, dyspnea, and exercise limitation. Moreover, the dysfunction of skeletal muscles is one of the most important systemic consequences of COPD. Muscle dysfunction negatively affects the ability to perform functional activities and increases the mortality risk. However, skeletal muscle dysfunction can be prevented and improved with exercise training in individuals with COPD. In this context, technological advancements can expand the assessment of muscle function and enable obtaining quantitative data in the current COPD practice.
The three main objectives of this thesis were: (i) To identify current assessment methods and treatment prescriptions for muscle dysfunction in COPD, focusing on technologies employed and clinical rehabilitation practice. (ii) Design and implementation in the clinical setting of a technological set up to quantitatively evaluate muscle function and functional performance in outpatients with COPD. (iii) To develop a training prescription for muscle dysfunction based on eccentric exercises in inpatients with COPD.
This thesis involved five studies, including three systematic reviews (SRs), one prospective observational study, and one randomized controlled trial (RCT). Two SRs respectively showed heterogeneity of approach in training prescriptions for muscle dysfunction and less attention to different muscle properties in patients with COPD. A third SR reported limitations to the implementation of technologies in the clinical setting of COPD. However, the detailed assessment of muscle function, supported by portable technologies, was critical to predict functional performance in patients with COPD during the observational study. Moreover, the RCT showed that specific exercise modalities, may further improve muscle function after pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.
In conclusion, the use of wearable devices is critical for the objective, accurate, and reproducible assessment of muscle function and functional performance in patients with COPD. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the clinical feasibility of such devices, as well as their validity and reliability applied to specific and functional tests in COPD rehabilitation practice
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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