1,721,546 research outputs found
Nation
No full textThe state of civic participation in the U.S. is the subject of much hand-wringing. The lament is generally that citizens are withdrawn - that civic life is less vibrant than it once was and should be. This book review welcomes Downsizing Democracy: How America Sidelined its Citizens and Privatized its Public, by Matthew Crenson & Benjamin Ginsburg (2002), as an alternative to the tendency to blame citizens for the current malaise. Crenson & Ginsburg make the case that the government itself has disinvited civic participation in several key ways. The author observes that, notwithstanding this lack of invitation, citizens can and should still take on themselves the responsibility for civic action - not just in traditional political spheres, but in the myriad venues of our everyday lives.525-2927
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Temple Political & Civil Rights Law Review
No full textThis article offers a civic view of legal change. This view emphasizes the role of citizens and describes the connection between civic bonds and new, sustainable legal doctrine, especially constitutional doctrine. Three current socio-legal movements - gay rights, abortion, and gun control - are used as illustrations, and the role of non-lawyers and civic organizing in creating legal, and social change through those movements is emphasized.1117-1622
Stanford Environmental Law Annual
No full textEast Palo Alto is an anomaly in the Mid-Peninsula. The community houses a primarily minority and low-income population. The economic miracle which brought development and tax revenues to the rest of the Silicon Valley has largely bypassed East Palo Alto. This paper examines the debate in East Palo Alto over whether incorporation would help solve the community’s problems.Strand_4StanEnvtlLAnn119.pdf119-129
Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy
No full textBrown v. Board of Education brought the democratic value of equality to U.S. democracy, which had previously centered primarily on popular control. Brown has not, however, resulted in actual educational equality -- or universal educational quality.Developments since Brown have changed the educational landscape. While the social salience of race has evolved, economic inequality has risen dramatically. Legislative and other developments have institutionalized distrust of those who do the day-to-day work of education: public schools and the teachers within them. Demographic and economic shifts have made comprehensive preschool through post-secondary education a 21st-century imperative, while Common Core Standards represent a significant step toward defining quality K-12 education nationwide.Though we do not live in a post-racial era, we do live in a very different world than the world of Brown. For this transformed situation, we need a new vision -- and new legal paradigms to support realization of that vision. The Finnish school system -- ranked #1 internationally -- offers insights for systemic reform. The U.S. challenge, however, is to adapt those insights to our institutional structure. We must maintain a balance between the national interest in successful education across the country, the constitutional assignment of responsibility for education to the States, and the fact that education happens locally in individual classrooms and between individual teachers and students.A national educational vision of civic innovation that embraces all students and trusts public schools and teachers points to a three-pronged strategy for moving forward. First, States define the vision and instigate negotiations with the national government for support of that vision. Second, local school districts adapt to their communities and students to fulfill the States' vision. Third, public schools and teachers undertake the day-to-day work of building the relational trust that enables real reform; the federal government provides the additional support necessary for this work. New legal paradigms support these shifts.2283-3442
Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly
No full textRacism has been so deeply embedded in our culture for so long that actions taken to uproot it have not been entirely successful. After each concerted effort, racism grows back but in a different form. To emphasize the evolutionary nature of these "versions" or "updates" of racism, I label them Racism 1.0, Racism 2.0, Racism 3.0, and ? the current "operating system" ? Racism 4.0. Each of these represents a distinctive iteration of social mores, institutions, and law. Today's Racism 4.0 manifests itself in racially disparate group outcomes in criminal justice, education, health, economic resources, housing, and employment; it operates primarily through unconscious acts of myriad individuals and automatic reproduction of racial advantage and disadvantage that have arisen over time from past collective discrimination. This paper traces how Racism 4.0 runs on implicit bias, white privilege, structural racism, and white advantage. It denotes how current anti-discrimination law, which developed to challenge prior iterations of racism, is ineffectual in the face of Racism 4.0. It discusses two approaches to countering today's racism. The first, civity, counters implicit bias and white privilege with "power-with" relationships across racial lines. The second consists of three legal touchstones including (1) progressive taxation and investment to address existing disadvantage of Black citizens as a group; (2) regional policy-making to address disparities in our metropolitan areas; and (3) recognition of economic, social, and cultural human rights to make equality real. Re-constitution ? both sociopolitical and legal ? is necessary to address racism today.4763-7974
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