1,721,162 research outputs found
A square for people a visually communicative, configuration informed and social-oriented redevelopment project for Largo da Graça, Lisbon
No full textThis paper describes an experimental project in which the urban designer uses Space Syntax and other analysis techniques coming from Public Life Studies and Building Thermal Physics, to inform the Design Decision-Making for the redevelopment of a public square. Largo da Graça in the historic centre of Lisbon was selected as a case study, suitable for testing many possible and different design changes when space syntax is embedded in the design decisions. The experiment generated a digital workflow with all the steps undertaken in solving design problems, a 'design journal' that includes efficiency targets (centrality, connectivity, enclosure, thermal comfort, social security, equality, and interaction) and a comparative test of the design proposals. The adopted design strategy, as well as the examples extracted from the workflow, could be used to illustrate a link between research and design, adequate for supporting and orientating the project and design of urban spaces
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Synthesis of 3-azabicyclo [4.1.0]heptane-1-carboxylic acid
No full textA full study on the synthesis of 3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-1-carboxylic acid is described.Three different approaches were investigated in order to achieve an efficient synthesis of this unnatural aminoacid.The optimized synthetic route relies upon three key steps: (i) diazomalonate insertion on 4-phtalimido 1-butene, (ii) intramolecular cyclization and (iii) chemoselective reduction of the resulting lactam.Due to its bicyclic nature and conformational constraints, this aminoacid may be an useful building block in medicinal chemistry. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved
Rapid access to 1-benzyl 2-substituted piperazines: Application to the synthesis of 1-benzyl-2-difluoromethyl-piperazine
No full textA rapid and efficient synthesis of 1-benzyl-2-difluoromethyl-piperazine is herein described. The new pathway has the advantage of avoiding orthogonal protection at the two piperazine nitrogen atoms; therefore it is suitable for access to several 1-benzyl 2-substituted piperazines starting from the simple commercially available N,N'-dibenzylethylendiamine. Copyright © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Parallel protocol for the selective alkylation of primary amines
No full textOne of the still unresolved problems in parallel synthesis is the availability of a general and rapid method for the transformation of a primary amine into the corresponding secondary amine without the issue of polyalkylation. Following the Fukuyama method, which is based on the alkylation of o-nitrobenzenesulfonamides, followed by removal of the sulfonyl group, we have developed a simple protocol which can be easily applied to parallel synthesis making use of supported reagents and scavengers. To verify the robustness of the method, a small representative array of secondary amines have been prepared. Moreover, taking advantage of the possibility to use different supported reagents in the same pot, we also prepared, starting from primary amines, a series of differently substituted tertiary amines
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