1,720,966 research outputs found
Body composition measurement in highly trained male athletes: A comparison of three methods
No full textBackground. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the differences in the body composition estimate of highly trained male athletes by three different methods: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BW) and skinfold thickness measurement (SFT). Methods. The study occurred during a non-intensive training period. The measurements were performed at the Human Physiology laboratory, Participants: forty-three male athletes (19 waterpolo, 9 judo, 15 karate) who exercised regularly at least three hours per day, six days per week. Measurements: DXA, BLS. and SFT measurements of percentage fat mass (%FM) and the amount of fat-free mass (FFM) were performed. Statistical analyses: the different %FM estimates by the three methods were compared using a one-may ANOVA, with posthoc Bonferroni test when values mere significantly different. The same test was used to compare FFM values, The coefficient of variation (CV%=100xSD/mean) was calculated for each methods, Methodological differences among the various methods were analysed with the method of Bland-Altman. Results. ANOVA test showed significant differences among the three methods, Ln particular, DXA significantly (p<0.001) over-estimated %FM(12.4+/-4.1%) and underestimate FFM (67.0+/-6.9 kg) respect to SFT (7.8+/-0.9% and 71.0+/-8.2 kg) and BW (9.9+/-1.4% and 69.4+/-7.9 kg), Also Bland-Altman comparison among the estimates indicated nide differences between methods. Conclusions. DSA provides different body composition estimates than those derived from skinfold thickness measurement and BIA, so that the methods should not be used interchangeably
Validation of food frequency questionnaire for assessing dietary macronutrients and calcium intake in Italian children and adolescents
No full textOBJECTIVES: To validate a food frequency questionnaire to determine calcium and macronutrient intake in healthy children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The questionnaire consisted of 16 main food groups containing the main foods composing the diet of Italian children, a total of 136 items and 23 questions about food habits, supplements and servings. Color photographs to identify serving size were included. The questionnaire was validated by comparing it with the 7-day weighed record method in 37 healthy volunteers in two different age
groups: children aged 6 - 10 years (n = 18) and adolescents aged 16 - 20 years (n
= 19). RESULTS: The food frequency questionnaire seemed to overestimate the
nutrient intake when compared with 7-day weighed records; however the two methods
were highly correlated for all the nutrients considered. The range of Pearson's
correlations between energy and nutrient intake (protein, fat, carbohydrates and
calcium) determined from food frequency questionnaire and 7-day weighed record
were 0.5-0.6 in children and 0.5-0.8 in young adults. Agreement between the two
methods in classifying relative intakes was examined by determining the frequency
of similar classification into terciles. Two thirds of the subjects were
correctly classified for most nutrients, with a very low (2% to 5%) percentage of
grossly misclassifications. DISCUSSION: The food frequency questionnaire has
proved adequate to rank a pediatric population in terms of calcium and
macronutrient intakes. The ranking of subjects is extremely useful for epidemiologic studies evaluating the relation between nutrient intake and
disease
Influence of calcium intake and VDR genotype on bone mineral density of healthy prepubertal children
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Comparison among total body water prediction equations in women with different degree of obesity
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Is fasting insulin associated with blood pressure in obese children?
No full textPrimary objective : We tested whether fasting insulin levels are associated with blood pressure in a large sample of obese children. Subjects and methods : Three hundred and rf ty obese children (F:M ratio = 1.03) of 10.1 +/- 2. 7 y of age (mean +/- SD) were consecutively enrolled at an Outpatient Paediatric Clinic. Obesity was diagnosed on the basis of a relative weight for age > 120% and hypertension on the basis of a systolic (SBP) or diastolic (DBP) blood pressure > 95th percentile for age after adjustment for height (Ht). Main outcome and results : Insulin was significantly higher in hypertensive. n = 202; 58%) than normotensive. n = 148; 42%) children (16 vs 14 mu U mL(1), geometric mean, p < 0.01, ANOVA) but the difference was not clinically relevant. Moreover, (log-transformed) insulin explained only 7 and 4% of SBP and DBP variance, respectively (p < 0.0001 for both) and this contribution disappeared after the confounding effects of age, weight or other anthropometric dimensions were taken into account (p = ns, ANCOVA). Conclusions: This study does not support the hypothesis of a clinically relevant association between fasting insulin and blood pressure in obese children
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