1,604 research outputs found
Storia naturale del nodulo tiroideo: quale destino senza trattamento?
No full textLa patologia nodulare tiroidea è molto frequente (prevalenza nella popolazione generale 50% circa), ma spesso asintomatica. In letteratura, molti studi sono volti a valutare quale sia la terapia più adeguata per la gestione dei noduli stessi. Nel nostro studio abbiamo valutato se realmente ci sia la necessità di effettuare una terapia in caso di noduli tiroidei. Pertanto, abbiamo valutato la storia naturale dei noduli tiroidei citologicamente benigni (con particolare riguardo alla evoluzione volumetrica, mediante studio ecografico della morfologia tiroidea), e abbiamo verificato l’influenza sulla crescita dei noduli tiroidei da parte di fattori esogeni ed endogeni, nell’arco di 5 anni di follow-u
Vandetanib: opening a new treatment practice in advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma
No full textMedullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is frequently diagnosed in a locally advanced or metastatic stage, and 10-year survival rates in these cases are below 20 %. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has no significant impact on overall or progression-free survival. Vandetanib (Caprelsa(A (R)), AstraZeneca) is a once-daily oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits signalling mediated by growth-factor receptor tyrosine kinase RET (constitutively activated in roughly 60 % of all MTCs), vascular endothelial growth-factor receptors 2 and 3, and epidermal growth-factor receptors. It is the first systemic drug with demonstrated anti-tumor benefits in advanced MTC, and it has recently been approved for locally advanced or metastatic MTC by the United States Food and Drug Administration (April 2011) and the European Medicines Agency (February 2012). This review, starting from the phases II and III efficacy and safety data that led to these approvals, explores important issues related to dosing, patient selection, and strategies for managing the substantial risk of toxicity associated with the drug (including life-threatening cardiac events that are the subject of a black-box warning in the United States). All these issues still remain to be defined. Vandetanib is becoming a standard of care for symptomatic, progressive, metastatic MTCs, to be used selectively in those patients who are likely to benefit from it
Lettera di Alessandra
No full textUn ritratto critico dell'opera di Alessandra Carnaroli, autrice fra le più apprezzate delle ultime generazioni della poesia di ricerca. La sezione a lei dedicata, nel numero della rivista, contiene inoltre saggi di Cecilia Bello Minciacchi, Andrea Cortellessa, e Ivan Schiavone; e vari inediti dell'autrice. Il saggio è pubblicato con lo pseudonimo di Tommaso Ottonieri.A critical portrait of the work of Alessandra Carnaroli, author of the most appreciated in the latest generations of italian research poetry. Published under the pseudonym Tommaso Ottonieri
Selected letters of Alessandra Strozzi
No full textThe letters of Alessandra Strozzi provide a vivid and spirited portrayal of life in fifteenth-century Florence. Among the richest autobiographical materials to survive from the Italian Renaissance, the letters reveal a woman who fought stubbornly to preserve her family's property and position in adverse circumstances, and who was an acute observer of Medicean society. Her letters speak of political and social status, of the concept of honor, and of the harshness of life, including the plague and the loss of children. They are also a guide to Alessandra's inner life over a period of twenty-three years, revealing the pain and sorrow, and, more rarely, the joy and triumph, with which she responded to the events unfolding around her.This edition includes translations, in full or in part, of 35 of the 73 extant letters. The selections carry forward the story of Alessandra's life and illustrate the range of attitudes, concerns, and activities which were characteristic of their author
The Diverse Representations of Women Secondary Teachers in Selected Italian Films from the Past Fifty Years. A Case Study
No full textChallenging the author: Gavin Douglas's Eneados
No full textGavin Douglas’s Eneados, a translation into the “Scottis” tongue of Virgil’s Aeneid, completed in 1513 and first published in London in 1553, presents, as well as the translation of the additional thirteenth book by Maphaeus Vegius, original prologues and marginal notes to the text, rubrics and articulate conclusive material. The present paper analyses this complex paratext as evidence of Douglas’s almost philological attention to the original and his preoccupation with a faithful reproduction; it is also suggested that the models for his organization of the commentary might be both medieval (i.e., manuscripts such as Petrarch’s Virgilius Ambrosianus) and early modern, as in the case of editions of classical works: the most apt example being Jodocus Badius Ascensius’ edition of the Aeneid, printed in 1501. The Eneados thus stands on the threshold between manuscript and print, and might have indicated new possibilities of use of the printing medium in Scotland, and of the value of the translation of a classical text, had history not intervened with the Scottish defeat at Flodden Fields in 1513, which put a temporary stop both to the circulation of the Eneados and to the development of Scottish printing
Longitudinal acoustic compliance and tagged particle susceptibility in liquid and supercooled glycerol
No full textBrillouin spectra of glycerol measured in the visible, ultraviolet and X-ray frequency regions allow us to reckon the imaginary part of acoustic compliance,J"(omega), over a broad frequency range from fraction of GHz to tens of THz. We observe that J"(omega) suitably mimic the shape of the tagged particle susceptibility, chi"(INS)(omega), measured by incoherent neutron spectra for both the liquid and supercooled states. The proportionality between these two quantities suggests a strict relationship between acoustic dissipation and generalized density of states. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [Comez, L.] Univ Perugia, IOM CNR, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; [Comez, L.; Paciaroni, A.; Scarponi, F.; Fioretto, D.] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy; [Monaco, G.] European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France; [Masciovecchio, C.; Gessini, A.] Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Basovizza Trieste, Italy; [Ruocco, G.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy Comez, L (reprint author), Univ Perugia, IOM CNR, I-06123 Perugia, Italy. [email protected] Ruocco, Giancarlo/A-6245-2010; paciaroni, alessandro/J-2447-2012 Ruocco, Giancarlo/0000-0002-2762-9533; 34 1 1 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS 0022-3093 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS J. Non-Cryst. Solids JAN 15 2011 357 2 SI 515 517 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.05.096 3 Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Materials Science 725JK WOS:000287640800049 J Gregori, B; Papazachariadis, O; Farruggia, A; Accornero, N Gregori, Bruno; Papazachariadis, Odysseas; Farruggia, Alfonsa; Accornero, Neri A differential color flicker test for detecting acquired color vision impairment in multiple sclerosis and diabetic retinopathy JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES English Article Critical fusion frequency; Flicker test; Color vision disorders; Optic neuritis; Retinopathy; Diabetes OPTIC NEURITIS; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; MACULAR DEGENERATION; EVOKED-POTENTIALS; FUSION FREQUENCY; AGE; LUMINANCE; DISEASE; LOSSES; DISCRIMINATION Background: Optic neuritis related to multiple sclerosis and diabetic retinopathy are relatively selective postretinal and retinal vision disorders. Vision impairment in both conditions is reliably measured by testing critical fusion frequency (CFF). Methods: To examine color vision, we measured the CFF in response to red and blue stimuli, and tested CFF values in patients without evident vision impairment. To ensure that differences in CFF values in a given subject depended only on color perception we displayed red and blue flickering stimuli at equal luminance. CFF to red or blue stimuli were compared in patients with medical history of optic neuritis related to multiple sclerosis (post-retinal vision impairment), patients with diabetic retinopathy (retinal vision impairment) and healthy subjects. Results: The test procedure disclosed altered CFF values for red and blue stimuli in both groups of patients studied. The comparison between the two groups disclosed a prevalent CFF impairment for red stimuli in patients with optic neuritis related to multiple sclerosis and for blue stimuli in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Conclusions: The differential color flicker test appears highly accurate in detecting color vision impairment. Comparison of the two color CFFs differentiates retinal from post-retinal visual disorders. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. [Papazachariadis, Odysseas] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [Gregori, Bruno; Papazachariadis, Odysseas; Farruggia, Alfonsa; Accornero, Neri] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Neurol Sci, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [Gregori, Bruno] UO Neurol, Clin Nuova Itor, I-00158 Rome, Italy Papazachariadis, O (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [email protected] 42 2 2 ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV AMSTERDAM PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS 0022-510X J NEUROL SCI J. Neurol. Sci. JAN 15 2011 300 1-2 130 134 10.1016/j.jns.2010.09.002 5 Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology 714ZT WOS:000286850900024 J Bernabei, M; Moreno, AJ; Zaccarelli, E; Sciortino, F; Colmenero, J Bernabei, Marco; Moreno, Angel J.; Zaccarelli, Emanuela; Sciortino, Francesco; Colmenero, Juan From caging to Rouse dynamics in polymer melts with intramolecular barriers: A critical test of the mode coupling theory JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS English Article SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; GLASS-TRANSITION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; SIMULATION; RELAXATION; SCATTERING; ADSORPTION; CHAINS By means of computer simulations and solution of the equations of the mode coupling theory ( MCT), we investigate the role of the intramolecular barriers on several dynamic aspects of nonentangled polymers. The investigated dynamic range extends from the caging regime characteristic of glass-formers to the relaxation of the chain Rouse modes. We review our recent work on this question, provide new results, and critically discuss the limitations of the theory. Solutions of the MCT for the structural relaxation reproduce qualitative trends of simulations for weak and moderate barriers. However, a progressive discrepancy is revealed as the limit of stiff chains is approached. This disagreement does not seem related with dynamic heterogeneities, which indeed are not enhanced by increasing barrier strength. It is not connected either with the breakdown of the convolution approximation for three-point static correlations, which retains its validity for stiff chains. These findings suggest the need of an improvement of the MCT equations for polymer melts. Concerning the relaxation of the chain degrees of freedom, MCT provides a microscopic basis for time scales from chain reorientation down to the caging regime. It rationalizes, from first principles, the observed deviations from the Rouse model on increasing the barrier strength. These include anomalous scaling of relaxation times, long-time plateaux, and nonmonotonous wavelength dependence of the mode correlators. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3525147] [Moreno, Angel J.; Colmenero, Juan] Univ Basque Country, CSIC, Ctr Fis Mat, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain; [Moreno, Angel J.; Colmenero, Juan] Mat Phys Ctr MPC, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain; [Bernabei, Marco; Colmenero, Juan] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain; [Zaccarelli, Emanuela; Sciortino, Francesco] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [Zaccarelli, Emanuela; Sciortino, Francesco] Univ Roma La Sapienza, CNR ISC, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [Colmenero, Juan] Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Mat, E-20080 San Sebastian, Spain Moreno, AJ (reprint author), Univ Basque Country, CSIC, Ctr Fis Mat, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastian, Spain. [email protected] Moreno, Angel/C-7313-2011; Sciortino, Francesco/B-4768-2012; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012 EU [FP7-PEOPLE-2007-1-1-ITN, MAT2007-63681, IT-436-07, ERC-226207-PATCHYCOLLOIDS, ITN-234810-COMPLOIDS] We thank S.-H. Chong, T. Franosch, M. Fuchs, M. Sperl, and J. Baschnagel for useful discussions. We acknowledge financial support from projects FP7-PEOPLE-2007-1-1-ITN (DYNACOP, EU), MAT2007-63681 (Spain), IT-436-07 (GV, Spain), ERC-226207-PATCHYCOLLOIDS (EU), and ITN-234810-COMPLOIDS (EU). 50 2 2 AMER INST PHYSICS MELVILLE CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA 0021-9606 J CHEM PHYS J. Chem. Phys. JAN 14 2011 134 2 024523 10.1063/1.3525147 12 Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical Physics 709WK WOS:000286471900064 J Zammataro, M; Chiechio, S; Montana, MC; Traficante, A; Copani, A; Nicoletti, F; Gereau, RW Zammataro, Magda; Chiechio, Santina; Montana, Michael C.; Traficante, Anna; Copani, Agata; Nicoletti, Ferdinando; Gereau, Robert W. mGlu2 metabotropic glutamate receptors restrain inflammatory pain and mediate the analgesic activity of dual mGlu2/mGlu3 receptor agonists MOLECULAR PAIN English Article NAAG PEPTIDASE INHIBITORS; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; RAT FORMALIN TEST; GROUP-II; N-ACETYLASPARTYLGLUTAMATE; SPINAL-CORD; UP-REGULATION; PERSISTENT; MODELS; PRETREATMENT Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) couple to the inhibitory G-protein Gi. The group II mGluRs include two subtypes, mGlu2 and mGlu3, and their pharmacological activation produces analgesic effects in inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. However, the specific contribution of each one of the two subtypes has not been clarified due to the lack of selective orthosteric ligands that can discriminate between mGlu2 and mGlu3 subtypes. In this study we used mGlu2 or mGlu3 knock-out mice to dissect the specific role for these two receptors in the endogenous control of inflammatory pain and their specific contribution to the analgesic activity of mixed mGlu2/3 receptor agonists. Our results showed that mGlu2(-/-) mice display a significantly greater pain response compared to their wild type littermates. Interestingly the increased pain sensitivity in mGlu2(-/-) mice occurred only in the second phase of the formalin test. No differences were observed in the first phase. In contrast, mGlu3(-/-) mice did not significantly differ from their wild type littermates in either phase of the formalin test. When systemically injected, a single administration of the mGlu2/3 agonist, LY379268 (3 mg/kg, ip), showed a significant reduction of both phases in wild-type mice and in mGlu3(-/-) but not in mGlu2(-/-) mice. However tolerance to the analgesic effect of LY379268 (3 mg/kg, ip) in mGlu3(-/-) mice developed following 5 consecutive days of injection. Taken together, these results demonstrate that: (i) mGlu2 receptors play a predominant role over mGlu3 receptors in the control of inflammatory pain in mice; (ii) the analgesic activity of mixed mGlu2/3 agonists is entirely mediated by the activation of the mGlu2 subtype and (iii) the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of mGlu2/3 agonists develops despite the lack of mGlu3 receptors. [Chiechio, Santina; Copani, Agata] Univ Catania, Dept Drug Sci, I-95124 Catania, Italy; [Zammataro, Magda] Univ Catania, Ph D Program Neuropharmacol, I-95124 Catania, Italy; [Montana, Michael C.; Gereau, Robert W.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA; [Montana, Michael C.; Gereau, Robert W.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Pain Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA; [Traficante, Anna; Nicoletti, Ferdinando] INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; [Nicoletti, Ferdinando] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Rome, Italy Chiechio, S (reprint author), Univ Catania, Dept Drug Sci, I-95124 Catania, Italy. [email protected] National Institutes of Health [R01NS42595] We thank Professor S. Nakanishi for providing the mGlu2-/- mice. This work was supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health (R01NS42595) to RWG. 37 2 2 BIOMED CENTRAL LTD LONDON 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND 1744-8069 MOL PAIN Mol. Pain JAN 14 2011 7 6 10.1186/1744-8069-7-6 5 Neurosciences Neurosciences & Neurology 712PJ WOS:000286678400001 J Wang, K; Diskin, SJ; Zhang, HT; Attiyeh, EF; Winter, C; Hou, CP; Schnepp, RW; Diamond, M; Bosse, K; Mayes, PA; Glessner, J; Kim, C; Frackelton, E; Garris, M; Wang, Q; Glaberson, W; Chiavacci, R; Nguyen, L; Jagannathan, J; Saeki, N; Sasaki, H; Grant, SFA; Iolascon, A; Mosse, YP; Cole, KA; Li, HZ; Devoto, M; McGrady, PW; London, WB; Capasso, M; Rahman, N; Hakonarson, H; Maris, JM Wang, Kai; Diskin, Sharon J.; Zhang, Haitao; Attiyeh, Edward F.; Winter, Cynthia; Hou, Cuiping; Schnepp, Robert W.; Diamond, Maura; Bosse, Kristopher; Mayes, Patrick A.; Glessner, Joseph; Kim, Cecilia; Frackelton, Edward; Garris, Maria; Wang, Qun; Glaberson, Wendy; Chiavacci, Rosetta; Nguyen, Le; Jagannathan, Jayanti; Saeki, Norihisa; Sasaki, Hiroki; Grant, Struan F. A.; Iolascon, Achille; Mosse, Yael P.; Cole, Kristina A.; Li, Hongzhe; Devoto, Marcella; McGrady, Patrick W.; London, Wendy B.; Capasso, Mario; Rahman, Nazneen; Hakonarson, Hakon; Maris, John M. Integrative genomics identifies LMO1 as a neuroblastoma oncogene NATURE English Article COPY NUMBER; CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS; ACTIVATING MUTATIONS; ALK KINASE; GENE; TRANSCRIPTION; CANCER; INTERACTS; TARGET; CELLS Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer of the sympathetic nervous system that accounts for approximately 10% of all paediatric oncology deaths(1,2). To identify genetic risk factors for neuroblastoma, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 2,251 patients and 6,097 control subjects of European ancestry from four case series. Here we report a significant association within LIM domain only 1 (LMO1) at 11p15.4 (rs110419, combined P = 5.2 x 10(-16), odds ratio of risk allele = 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.25-1.44)). The signal was enriched in the subset of patients with the most aggressive form of the disease. LMO1 encodes a cysteine-rich transcriptional regulator, and its paralogues (LMO2, LMO3 and LMO4) have each been previously implicated in cancer. In parallel, we analysed genome-wide DNA copy number alterations in 701 primary tumours. We found that the LMO1 locus was aberrant in 12.4% through a duplication event, and that this event was associated with more advanced disease (P < 0.0001) and survival (P = 0.041). The germline single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) risk alleles and somatic copy number gains were associated with increased LMO1 expression in neuroblastoma cell lines and primary tumours, consistent with a gain-of-function role in tumorigenesis. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated depletion of LMO1 inhibited growth of neuroblastoma cells with high LMO1 expression, whereas forced expression of LMO1 in neuroblastoma cells with low LMO1 expression enhanced proliferation. These data show that common polymorphisms at the LMO1 locus are strongly associated with susceptibility to developing neuroblastoma, but also may influence the likelihood of further somatic alterations at this locus, leading to malignant progression. [Wang, Kai; Zhang, Haitao; Hou, Cuiping; Glessner, Joseph; Kim, Cecilia; Frackelton, Edward; Glaberson, Wendy; Chiavacci, Rosetta; Grant, Struan F. A.; Hakonarson, Hakon] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Diskin, Sharon J.; Attiyeh, Edward F.; Winter, Cynthia; Schnepp, Robert W.; Diamond, Maura; Bosse, Kristopher; Mayes, Patrick A.; Garris, Maria; Wang, Qun; Nguyen, Le; Jagannathan, Jayanti; Mosse, Yael P.; Cole, Kristina A.; Maris, John M.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Diskin, Sharon J.; Attiyeh, Edward F.; Winter, Cynthia; Schnepp, Robert W.; Diamond, Maura; Bosse, Kristopher; Mayes, Patrick A.; Garris, Maria; Wang, Qun; Nguyen, Le; Jagannathan, Jayanti; Mosse, Yael P.; Cole, Kristina A.; Maris, John M.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Childhood Canc Res, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Nguyen, Le; Li, Hongzhe; Devoto, Marcella] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Saeki, Norihisa; Sasaki, Hiroki] Natl Canc Ctr, Res Inst, Div Genet, Tokyo 1040045, Japan; [Nguyen, Le; Grant, Struan F. A.; Mosse, Yael P.; Cole, Kristina A.; Devoto, Marcella; Hakonarson, Hakon; Maris, John M.] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Grant, Struan F. A.; Devoto, Marcella; Hakonarson, Hakon] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Human Genet, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA; [Iolascon, Achille; Capasso, Mario] CEINGE Biotecnol Avanzate, I-80145 Naples, Italy; [Devoto, Marcella] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Expt Med, I-00185 Rome, Italy; [McGrady, Patrick W.] Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32603 USA; [McGrady, Patrick W.] Childrens Oncol Grp, Gainesville, FL 32603 USA; [London, Wendy B.] Dana Farber Childrens Hosp, Ctr Canc, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [London, Wendy B.] Childrens Oncol Grp, Boston, MA 02115 USA; [Iolascon, Achille; Capasso, Mario] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Biochem & Med Biotechnol, I-80131 Naples, Italy; [Rahman, Nazneen] Inst Canc Res, Sect Canc Genet, Sutton SM2 5NG, Surrey, England Hakonarson, H (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Ctr Appl Genom, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [email protected]; [email protected] National Institutes of Health [R01-CA124709]; Giulio D'Angio Endowed Chair; Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation; Evan Dunbar Foundation; Rally Foundation; Andrew's Army Foundation; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Associazione Oncologia Pediatrica e Neuroblastoma; Cotswold Foundation; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; [UL1-RR024134-03] We acknowledge the Children's Oncology Group for providing most blood and tumour specimens and clinical and outcome data (U10-CA98543 and U10-CA98413) from neuroblastoma patients. We thank G. P. Tonini for providing neuroblastoma DNA samples in the Italian replication cohort. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health grant R01-CA124709 (to J.M.M.), the Giulio D'Angio Endowed Chair (J.M.M.), the Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation (J.M.M.), the Evan Dunbar Foundation (J.M.M.), the Rally Foundation (J.M.M.), Andrew's Army Foundation (J.M.M.), the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute (J.M.M.), a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Training Fellowship (K. B.), a fellowship from Associazione Oncologia Pediatrica e Neuroblastoma (M. C.), a Research Development Award from the Cotswold Foundation (H. H.), UL1-RR024134-03 (H. H.) and an Institutional Development Award to the Center for Applied Genomics from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (H.H.). 22 30 32 NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP LONDON MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND 0028-0836 NATURE Nature JAN 13 2011 469 7329 216 220 10.1038/nature09609 5 Multidisciplinary Sciences Science & Technology - Other Topics 705NO WOS:000286143400039 J Nottola, SA; Cecconi, S; Bianchi, S; Motta, C; Rossi, G; Continenza, MA; Macchiarelli, G Nottola, Stefania A.; Cecconi, Sandra; Bianchi, Serena; Motta, Cecilia; Rossi, Gianna; Continenza, Maria A.; Macchiarelli, Guido Ultrastructure of isolated mouse ovarian follicles cultured in vitro REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY English Article TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; GRANULOSA-CELL PROLIFERATION; BOVINE PREANTRAL FOLLICLES; PRE-ANTRAL FOLLICLES; LONG-TERM CULTURE; STIMULATING-HORMONE; DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE; FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT; PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE Background: In vitro maturation of ovarian follicles, in combination with cryopreservation, might be a valuable method for preserving and/or restoring fertility in mammals with impaired reproductive function. Several culture systems capable of sustaining mammalian follicle growth in vitro have been developed and many studies exist on factors influencing the development of in vitro grown oocytes. However, a very few reports concern the ultrastructural morphology of in vitro grown follicles. Methods: The present study was designed to evaluate, by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the ultrastructural features of isolated mouse preantral follicles cultured in vitro for 6 days in a standard medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS). The culture was supplemented or not with FSH. Results: The follicles cultured in FCS alone, without FSH supplementation (FCS follicles), did not form the antral cavity. They displayed low differentiation (juxta-nuclear aggregates of organelles in the ooplasm, a variable amount of microvilli on the oolemma, numerous granulosa cell-oolemma contacts, signs of degeneration in granulosa cell compartment). Eighty (80)% of FSH-treated follicles formed the antral cavity (FSH antral follicles). These follicles showed various ultrastructural markers of maturity (spreading of organelles in ooplasm, abundant microvilli on the oolemma, scarce granulosa cell-oolemma contacts, granulosa cell proliferation). Areas of detachment of the innermost granulosa cell layer from the oocyte were also found, along with a diffuse granulosa cell loosening compatible with the antral formation. Theca cells showed an immature morphology for the stage reached. Twenty (20)% of FSH-treated follicles did not develop the antral cavity (FSH non-antral follicles) and displayed morphological differentiation features intermediate between those shown by FCS and FSH antral follicles (spreading of organelles in the ooplasm, variable amount of microvilli, scattered granulosa cell-oolemma contacts, signs of degeneration in granulosa cell compartment). Conclusions: It is concluded that FSH supports the in vitro growth of follicles, but the presence of a diffuse structural granulosa cell-oocyte uncoupling and the absence of theca development unveil the incomplete efficiency of the system. The present study contributes to explain, from a morphological point of view, the effects of culture conditions on the development of mouse in vitro grown follicles and to highlight the necessity of maintaining efficient intercellular communications to obtain large numbers of fully-grown mature germ cells. [Cecconi, Sandra; Bianchi, Serena; Rossi, Gianna; Continenza, Maria A.; Macchiarelli, Guido] Univ Aquila, Dept Hlth Sci, I-67100 Laquila, Italy; [Nottola, Stefania A.; Motta, Cecilia] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Anat Histol Forens Med & Orthopaed, Rome, Italy; [Macchiarelli, Guido] Univ Aquila, Ctr Microscopy, I-67100 Laquila, Italy Macchiarelli, G (reprint author), Univ Aquila, Dept Hlth Sci, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [email protected] Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, "La Sapienza" University, Rome; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, University of L'Aquila T
Nicetas Nicaenus, De azymis
No full textThe RAP online repertorium offers the first comprehensive catalogue of polemical literature related to the schism between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches from the 9th to the 16th century and can be described as an ideal continuation of the *Clavis Patrum*.
Each entry identifies the work (often unpublished or newly discovered in manuscript catalogs), lists its various titles (since medieval texts often lack stable titles), provides incipit and explicit (with possible variations), and examines the manuscript tradition and foliation (by reviewing catalogs or manuscripts, verifying dates, folios, etc.). It also includes relevant bibliography (critical editions and studies), identifies the author (using prosopographical studies, dictionaries, repertories, sigillography, etc.), and provides essential biographical details. Each work is classified by literary genre (e.g., treatise, dialogue), the corresponding Byzantine term, and the main polemical themes (e.g., Filioque, Azymes, Purgatory), and is assigned a unique RAP identification number.
The Repertorium Auctorum Polemicorum is identified by the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 3035-2096 [continuously updated publication
Polemica scripta anonyma, Dialogus inter Graecum et Cardinales quosdam de processione Spiritus Sancti
No full textThe RAP online repertorium offers the first comprehensive catalogue of polemical literature related to the schism between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches from the 9th to the 16th century and can be described as an ideal continuation of the *Clavis Patrum*.
Each entry identifies the work (often unpublished or newly discovered in manuscript catalogs), lists its various titles (since medieval texts often lack stable titles), provides incipit and explicit (with possible variations), and examines the manuscript tradition and foliation (by reviewing catalogs or manuscripts, verifying dates, folios, etc.). It also includes relevant bibliography (critical editions and studies), identifies the author (using prosopographical studies, dictionaries, repertories, sigillography, etc.), and provides essential biographical details. Each work is classified by literary genre (e.g., treatise, dialogue), the corresponding Byzantine term, and the main polemical themes (e.g., Filioque, Azymes, Purgatory), and is assigned a unique RAP identification number.
The Repertorium Auctorum Polemicorum is identified by the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 3035-2096 [continuously updated publication
Theophylactus Bulgariae archiepiscopus, Allocutio ad quemdam ex suis familiaribus de iis quorum Latini incusantur
No full textThe RAP online repertorium offers the first comprehensive catalogue of polemical literature related to the schism between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches from the 9th to the 16th century and can be described as an ideal continuation of the *Clavis Patrum*.
Each entry identifies the work (often unpublished or newly discovered in manuscript catalogs), lists its various titles (since medieval texts often lack stable titles), provides incipit and explicit (with possible variations), and examines the manuscript tradition and foliation (by reviewing catalogs or manuscripts, verifying dates, folios, etc.). It also includes relevant bibliography (critical editions and studies), identifies the author (using prosopographical studies, dictionaries, repertories, sigillography, etc.), and provides essential biographical details. Each work is classified by literary genre (e.g., treatise, dialogue), the corresponding Byzantine term, and the main polemical themes (e.g., Filioque, Azymes, Purgatory), and is assigned a unique RAP identification number.
The Repertorium Auctorum Polemicorum is identified by the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) 3035-2096 [continuously updated publication
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