60 research outputs found
Replication Data for: Jobs and Productivity Growth in Global Value Chains: New Evidence for Twenty-five Low- and Middle- Income Countries
No full textPahl, S., Timmer, M.P., Gouma, F.R., &Woltjer, P.J., (2022). Jobs and Productivity Growth in Global Value Chains: New Evidence for Twenty-five Low- and Middle- Income Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 2022;, lhac003, https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhac003
Associated working paper and supplementary material</a
Replication Data for: Jobs and Productivity Growth in Global Value Chains: New Evidence for Twenty-five Low- and Middle- Income Countries
No full textPahl, S., Timmer, M.P., Gouma, F.R., &Woltjer, P.J., (2022). Jobs and Productivity Growth in Global Value Chains: New Evidence for Twenty-five Low- and Middle- Income Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 2022;, lhac003, https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhac003 Associated working paper and supplementary materia
The Great Escape:Technological Lock-in vs Appropriate Technology in Early Twentieth Century British Manufacturing
No full textAmerica’s lead over Europe in manufacturing productivity from the late nineteenth century onwards has often been contributed to differences in initial conditions, trapping Europe in a relatively declining, labor-intensive and low-productive technological path. In this paper, I reassess the productivity dynamics in British manufacturing on the basis of a novel analytical framework by Basu and Weil that emphasizes the role of learning and localized technical change and which predicts convergence in light of rapid capital deepening. By means of a data envelopment analysis, I measure the effects of capital accumulation, technological change, and efficiency change. I find evidence for considerable increased capital-intensity levels in British manufacturing during the early twentieth century, particularly in the ‘new’ industries which actively began to adopt modern techniques of mass-production and managerial control. My findings seriously challenge the traditional, declinist, technological lock-in hypothesis. Instead, the British shift toward mass-production techniques during the interwar period provides a strong case for a remarkable escape from the labor-intensive path which had held the British manufacturing sector in its grasp throughout the nineteenth century.
Taking Over:A New US/UK Productivity Benchmark and the Nature of American Economic Leadership ca. 1910
No full textThis paper offers a direct industry-of-origin benchmark for the United States and the United Kingdom around 1910. The industry-of-origin approach allows for a disaggregation of international productivity differentials at the industry level, which enhances a deeper understanding of the comparative economic performance of these two countries. The benchmark sheds new light on the recent debate between Broadberry andWard and Devereux regarding the Anglo-American income and productivity differentials in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. I find that, on the eve of the First World War, the gap between the US and the UK was greater than suggested by most previous studies in terms of GDP per worker and GDP per capita. This revision arises mainly from a considerably higher estimate of the comparative productivity in the American agricultural and mining sectors. On the basis of time-series evidence, I find that the UK ceded productivity and income leadership earlier than conventional estimates have shown. I date the US take-over in GDP per capita around the 1880s and not post-1900 as suggested by Broadberry and Maddison.
Frontier Analysis
No full textA great deal of research in economics and business is devoted to the study of efficiency of individuals, organisations or entire economies. This chapter introduces a family of innovative techniques that help in the analysis of efficiencies by comparing inputs and outputs to estimate an efficiency frontier. A series of examples in macroeconomics and microeconomics illustrate two common areas of application
The Roaring Thirties. Productivity Growth and Technological Change in Great Britain and the United States During the Early Twentieth Century
No full textA recent study in American economic history has shown that the 1930s, though scarred by relentless unemployment, mass migration and profound social and cultural change, were far from gloomy in terms of technological and business innovation. In light of these dynamic productivity developments and rapid rates of total factor productivity growth, this study reassesses the British technological and organizational innovations during the interwar era and provides a novel explanation for the rapid divergence of the Anglo-American labor-productivity levels over the course of the early twentieth century. Overall, the advances in products and materials, improvements in plant layout, management and human capital, and the emergence of new production techniques placed both the American and the British economy in a position to embark on a new pattern of growth and development
The impact of sectoral shifts on Dutch unmarried women's labor force participation, 1812-1929
No full textDuring the nineteenth century, Dutch female labor force participation (FLFP) wasrelatively low. Most scholars argue that social norms and rising wages were driving this development. However, their conclusions principally apply to married women. We study unmarried women’s LFP (UFLFP) and investigate a third driver: shifting sectoral employment shares. We include all three drivers in a logistic regression based on nearly 2 million marriage records from 1812 to 1929.We conclude that social norms and income levels mattered, but that shifting sectoral employment shares were driving the decline in UFLFP because sectors with low demand for female laborers expanded
Extreme ultraviolet emission lines of Ni xii in laboratory and solar spectra
No full textA linear force-free field solution is presented in cylindrical coordinates, formulated in terms of trigonometric and Bessel functions. A numerical exploration has revealed that this solution describes magnetic field lines that meander in Cartesian space, as well as field lines that lie on toroidal flux surfaces. These tori are in (or close to) the plane perpendicular to the cylindrical axis. Nested tori, as well as tori with shells that have finite thickness, were found. The parameter space of the solution shows that the tori exist within a bounded range of values
Biomass for energy production in the context of selected European and international policy objectives
No full textBiomass based energy production has attained a significant market share within the developing renewable energy market. In comparison to alternative renewable energy sources, biomass has several special features: it is not inexhaustible in the short term (limitation of arable land) and it is not only an energy source. Other usages like food or feed compete with energy production for this resource. A number of problems arise which have a direct impact on the fulfillment of policy objectives which are connected with its promotion. Primarily, the production of bioenergy has significant impacts on coupled biomass markets. Further, a change in production intensity or arable land use increases the use of nutrient loads and agro - chemicals. When evaluating renewable energy production, the wide range of political objectives has to be considered. Therefore, the focus of the overall study will be on three objective areas: promotion of the agricultural sector, environmental protection (reduction of GHG emissions) and maintenance of food supply security. The objective of this study is to combine an analysis of selected economic and ecological impacts of an increased biomass based energy production (primarily biofuels) under the assumption of European and international quantity targets by adjusting and applying the agricultural sector model CAPRI (Common Agricultural Policy Regional Impact Analysis). This poster intends to display the methodical approach of the intended analysis.Bioenergy, Biofuels, Biomass production, Impact analysis., Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
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