1,720,979 research outputs found
Policy options to improve the effectiveness of the EU emissions trading system : a multi-criteria analysis
No full textThis paper considers several policy options which have been proposed to improve the functioning of the ETS. These options require an intervention either on the ETS cap (-30% target, set-aside, carbon central bank, long-term target) or on the carbon price (European and national price floor). We analyse the impact of each policy on the ETS carbon price and emissions. A multi-criteria evaluation method is applied to compare the policy options against a plurality of environmental, economic and procedural criteria. We find that the final ranking depends on the goals to be achieved, i.e., the relative weights attributed to the criteria. When policymakers want mainly to support the carbon price both in the short and long-run, while improving ETS flexibility and harmonization, the CCB and the EU price floor are, respectively ranked as first and second-best options. As the preference for environmental and implementation goals gradually increases, the position of the EU price floor and CCB options tend to invert. The -30% target should be adopted when reducing emissions is the priority goal, while a national price floor is the worst option, in this case. Nevertheless, self-interested States looking for a relatively quick, feasible solution, may find it optimal
A condition based maintenance simulation model for controlling the yield of Pick and Place machines
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Multithreshold cbm: cost optimization for a n units serial system with a simulation approach
No full textCondition based maintenance: implementation and optimization of a two-unit serial system model with multi-threshold policy
No full textThis work starts from an analytic model found in literature of a condition based maintenance two unit serial system which stochastically, independently and gradually deteriorates, the system is considered to by maintained in "as good as new" conditions by preventive and corrective maintenance interventions. For every inspection or substitution we will be considering the operative unit cost and also the setup cost. The numeric solution to our problem without some restricted hypothesis on the model results very complicated, if ever existent. The solution that we purpose here is to represent the model with an event driven simulator. With the use of a software it is possible to free the user from the mathematical aspects of simulation, and in the same time accomplish some improvements that analytically were not possible, do to the complexity of some mathematical aspects, such as: the use of gamma function that describes the wear of the systems industrial components; the possibility of considering a time not zero that statistically represents the time necessary for accomplishing a maintenance intervention, optimization of the global cost of maintenance with a series of condition based thresholds. All these improvements allow having more accurate and significant values of costs and time for a more valid prevision on the maintained system
A condition based maintenance simulation model for controlling the yield of Pick and Place machines
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Transformation of a production/assembly washing machine lines into a Lean Manufacturing System
No full textThe scope of this work is the complete re-organization of production flow according to the Lean Thinking philosophy for the industrial applications. The complete re-organization implementation of material flow management has been performed through the supermarket sizing which replenishment kanban logic has been adopted. To implement this strategy the goal is to achieve "Interdependent connected Processes" adopting the Pull System methodology in the Just in Time production environment. From the narrow sense the JIT manufacturing philosophy is to produce the right quantity at the right time with the right quantity level. In JIT the production is triggered by a kanban signal, which comes from the costumer order or the master production schedule, the signal then flowing backwards. By implementing JIT concepts in manufacturing, many of the practitioners experience advantages such as shorter lead times, fewer inventories, and higher quality. In the case study, developed in the Whirlpool Europe Naples factory, we have a first stage that consists of sizing the amount of "Kanban reintegration" codes, and the second stage in which we have simulated with ARENA and verified the progress of production flow in the hypothesized system, that has underlined the improvement of the business performances and great flexibility
The merit-order effect in the Italian power market : the impact of solar and wind generation on national wholesale electricity prices
No full textItaly promoted one of the most generous renewable support schemes worldwide which resulted in a high increase of solar power generation. We analyze the Italian day-ahead wholesale electricity market, finding empirical evidence of the merit-order effect. Over the period 2005-2013 an increase of 1. GWh in the hourly average of daily production from solar and wind sources has, on average, reduced wholesale electricity prices by respectively 2.3€/MWh and 4.2€/MWh and has amplified their volatility. The impact on prices has decreased over time in correspondence with the increase in solar and wind electricity production. We estimate that, over the period 2009-2013, solar production has generated higher monetary savings than wind production, mainly because the former is more prominent than the latter. However, in the solar case, monetary savings are not sufficient to compensate the cost of the related supporting schemes which are entirely internalized within end-user tariffs, causing a reduction of the consumer surplus, while the opposite occurs in the case of wind
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