76 research outputs found
Closing volume detection by single breath gas washout and forced oscillation technique
No full textClosing volume (CV) is commonly measured by single-breath nitrogen washout (CVSBW). A method based on the forced oscillation technique was recently introduced to detect a surrogate CV (CVFOT). As the two approaches are based on different physiological mechanisms, we aim to investigate CVFOT and CVSBW relationship at different degrees and patterns of airway obstruction. A mathematical model was developed to evaluate the CVSBW and CVFOT sensitivity to different patterns of airway obstruction, either located in a specific lung region or equally distributed throughout the lung. The two CVs were also assessed during slow vital capacity (VC) maneuvers in triplicate in 13 healthy subjects and pre and post-methacholine challenge (Mch) in 12 mild-moderate asthmatics. Model simulations suggest that CVSBW is more sensitive than CVFOT to the presence of few flow-limited or closed airways that modify the contribution of tracer-poor and tracer-rich lung regions to the overall exhaled gas. Conversely, CVFOT occurs only when at least ~65% of lung units are flow-limited or closed, regardless of their regional distribution. CVSBW did not differ between healthy subjects and asthmatics (17±9%VC vs 22±10%VC) while CVFOT did (16±5%VC vs 23±6%VC, p<0.01). In asthmatics, both CVSBW and CVFOT increased post-Mch (33±7%VC p<0.001 and 43±12%VC p<0.001, respectively). CVSBW weakly correlated with CVFOT (r=0.45, p<0.01). The closing capacities (CV+residual volume) were correlated (r=0.74, p<0.001) but the changes with Mch in both CVs and closing capacities did not correlate. CVFOT is easy to measure and provides a reproducible parameter useful for describing airway impairment in obstructive respiratory diseases
Axial distribution heterogeneity of nitric oxide airway production in healthy adults.
No full textModel simulations of nitric oxide (NO) transport considering molecular diffusion showed that the total bronchial NO production needed to reproduce a given exhaled value is deeply influenced by its axial distribution. Experimental data obtained by fibroscopy were available about proximal airway contribution (Silkoff PE, McClean PA, Caramori M, Slutsky AS. Zamel N. Respir Physiol 113: 33-38, 1998), and recent experiments using heliox instead of air gave insight on the peripheral airway production (Shin HW, Condorelli P, Rose-Gottron CM, Cooper DM, George SC. J Appl Physiol 97: 874-882, 2004; Kerckx Y, Michils A, Van Muylem A. J Appl Physiol 104: 918-924, 2008). This theoretical work aimed at obtaining a realistic distribution of NO production in healthy adults by meeting both proximal and peripheral experimental constraints. To achieve this, a model considering axial diffusion with geometrical boundaries derived from Weibel's morphometrical data was divided into serial compartments, each characterized by its axial boundaries and its part of bronchial NO production. A four-compartment model was able to meet both criteria. Two compartments were found to share all the NO production: one proximal (generations 0 and 1; 15-25% of the NO production) and one inside the acinus (proximal limit, generations 14-16; distal limit, generations 16 and 17; 75-85% of the NO production). Remarkably, this finding implies a quasi nil production in the main part of the conducting airways and in the acinar airways distal to generation 17. Given the chosen experimental outcomes and reliant on their accuracy, this very inhomogeneous distribution is likely the more realistic one that may be achieved with a "one-trumpet"-shaped model. Refinement should come from a more realistic description of the acinus structure.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
El después de la pirotecnia: una reflexión sobre traducción de poesía
No full textBased on the translation of poems written by the Belgian author Ruth Lasters, we reflect about a mode in which to approach this specific literary genre, more precisely, in the contemporary poetry, and we propose a poetic of the Literary translation. We work mainly with some concepts developed by the Argentinian Delfina Muschietti (2013) who postulates that a "suspendig listenig" is necessary to perceive and then transmit the rhythm and “fluctuating indices” (Tinianov, 2010) of the poem, to conform in the target language a mosaic of fragments similar to the one that exists in the original poem. From the Spain Jordi Doce (2015) we take the concept of the dramaturgical in the translation of poetry, the tracing of the author\u27s gesture as a lever to construct the poem in the target language. From the analysis of some specific poems we propose strategies for reading contemporary poetry for the purpose of translation.A partir de la traducción de una serie de poemas de la autora belga Ruth Lasters, pensamos el modo en que abordar este género literario tan específico, más precisamente, en la poesía contemporánea, y proponemos una poética de la traducción literaria. Nos basamos principalmente en la propuesta desarrollada por la argentina Delfina Muschietti (2013) quien postula que es necesaria una «escucha flotante» para percibir y transmitir luego el ritmo y los «indicios fluctuantes» (Tinianov, 2010) del poema, para conformar en la lengua de llegada un mosaico de fragmentos similar al que existe en el poema original. Del español Jordi Doce (2015), tomamos el concepto de lo dramatúrgico de la traducción de poesía, del rastreo del gesto del autor como palanca para construir el poema en la lengua de destino. A partir del análisis de algunos poemas concretos proponemos pensar modos de leer poesía contemporánea con el fin de la traducción.
Interacciones entre imagen y texto en escena y en papel
No full textJan Lauwers (Antwerp, Belgium, 1957) is a playwright, theater directorand artist. In plays, in his dramatic writing and his installations Lauwerscombines different “national” languages and different artistic disciplines(dance, singing, but also painting, installations, video art) in an attemptto “de-focus”, to “decentre the look”. By altering the logic of discourseand normalization, he tries to reflect, in the theatrical convivium, of thenecessary partiality of the perception of the reality of the subject and thedifficulties of communication in society, in a globalized world dominatedby the mass media and social networks. Lauwers tries to generate in histheater a commotion through the interruption of the discourses, whichaspires to achieve a true communication through the materiality of thebodies, the great diversity of objects and elements of the pictorial traditionthat in his work they are resignified in a paratactic juxtaposition inwhich all hierarchies are annulled. The author and director invites us togo through his texts and read them as a landscape, to question all order(chronological, hierarchical, temporal) normalized by tradition, in an attemptto free ourselves from ties of look and communication.Jan Lauwers (Amberes, Bélgica, 1957) es dramaturgo, director teatral y artista plástico. Tanto en sus puestas en escena, como en su escritura dramática y en sus instalaciones, conjuga diferentes lenguajes “nacionales” y diferentes disciplinas artísticas (danza, canto, pero también pintura, instalaciones, videoarte) en un intento por “descentrar la mirada”, “desenfocar”. Al alterar la lógica del discurso y las normalizaciones intenta reflexionar en el convivio teatral acerca de la necesaria parcialidad de la percepción de la realidad del sujeto y de las dificultades de comunicación en sociedad, en un mundo globalizador dominado por los medios masivos y las redes sociales. Lauwers intenta generar en su teatro una conmoción a través de la interrupción de los discursos, con lo cual aspira a lograr una verdadera comunicación a través de la materialidad de los cuerpos, la gran diversidad de objetos y elementos de la tradiciónpictórica que en su obra son resignificados en una yuxtaposición paratáctica en que se anula toda jerarquía. El autor y director nos invita a recorrer sus textos y puestas como un paisaje, para cuestionar todo orden (cronológico, jerárquico, temporal) normalizado por la tradición, en un intento por liberarnos de ataduras de la mirada y la comunicación
Múltiples entradas (ventanas) al universo de Kafka
No full textEn 2023 se publica en Argentina una doble traducción de Die Verwandlung, de Franz Kafka. La propuesta de la casa editorial Gambito de papel es la de abordar el texto a través de una lectura múltiple, descentrada, que invita a releer la obra de Kafka desde el presente, y desde Argentina a través de diversas puertas/ventanas de ingreso a la «madriguera de Kafka» (Deleuze y Guattari) en una «refundición radical» que recrea el texto original en otra(s) forma(s) y otras sustancias (Eco) para echar luz a aspectos relegados y olvidados en la recepción de una de las obras más emblemáticas de la literatura de habla alemana. Traducciones y cuerpo crítico conforman un universo expandido del «objeto Kafka» para poder aceptarlo «en todas sus variantes, incluso las extravagantes, las desenfocadas, las que lo hacen un poco más (y menos) Kafka» (Hornos, 2024, s. p.)
La puesta en página en la traducción de textos teatrales contemporáneos
No full textIn the theatrical context of the last decades, and under what Hans - Thies Lehmann called postdramatic theater, in many theater productions, the communicative function of the text has often been relegated to the background, allowing a greater role to be played by the body of the actor and the image. This phenomenon has generated a change in the status of the literary text, both in the staging and in printing publications. From the example of the recent translation of the trilogy Sad Face, Happy Face from the Belgian author Jan Lauwers (Needcompany) , published by the Publishing House of the Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities, UNC, we will discuss how the so called pictorial turn has meant a change in the way of writing, and thus, to translate this kind of text, which now has a strong imprint of the medial and audiovisual culture . It is a type of text that observed in Europe and in Latin America , in which the start page has acquired great relevance and in which you get a composition that combines visual and poetic elements, without loosing narrative elementsEn el contexto teatral de las últimas décadas, y en el marco de lo que Hans-Thies Lehmann denominó teatro postdramático, en gran cantidad de producciones teatrales la función comunicativa del texto a menudo ha sido relegada a un segundo plano, permitiendo un mayor protagonismo de la imagen y lo corporal. Este fenómeno ha generado como consecuencia un cambio en el estatuto del texto literario, tanto en las puestas en escena como en las publicaciones en papel. A partir del ejemplo de la reciente traducción de la trilogía Sad Face, Happy Face del belga Jan Lauwers (Needcompany), publicada por la Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina), analizaremos de qué manera este giro pictórico ha significado una modificación en el modo de escribir, y, por tanto, de traducir este tipo de dramaturgia, que ahora presenta una fuerte impronta de la cultura medial y audiovisual. Se trata de un tipo de texto que observamos tanto en Europa como en Latinoamérica, en el que la puesta en página ha adquirido una gran relevancia y en el que se obtiene una composición en la que confluyen aspectos visuales, poéticos, pero recuperando a su vez un elemento narrativo.Dans le contexte théâtral de ces dernières décennies, et dans ce qui Hans - Thies Lehmann a appelé théâtre post dramatique , la fonction communicative du texte dans de nombreuses productions théâtrales a souvent été relégué à l'arrière-plan, ce qui a donné un rôle primordial à l'image et à la corporéité. Ce phénomène a engendré un changement dans le statut du texte littéraire, aussi bien en ce qui concerne la mise en scène que la mise en page. La récente traduction de la trilogie Sad Face, Happy Face, de l'auteur belge Jan Lauwers (Needcompany), publiée par la maison d'édition de la Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres de l'Université Nationale de Cordoba (Argentina), nous sert d'illustration pour commenter la façon dont le tour, dit pictural, a entraîné un changement dans la façon d'écrire, et donc de traduire, ce genre de texte sur lequel la culture médiatique et audiovisuelle laissent une forte empreinte. Il s'agit d'un type de texte présent en Europe et en Amérique latine, dans lequel la mise en page a acquis une grande importance et dans lequel on obtient une composition qui fait converger des éléments visuels et poétiques sans perdre l'élément narratif.En el contexto teatral de las últimas décadas, y en el marco de lo que Hans-Thies Lehmann denominó teatro postdramático, en gran cantidad de producciones teatrales la función comunicativa del texto a menudo ha sido relegada a un segundo plano, permitiendo un mayor protagonismo de la imagen y lo corporal. Este fenómeno ha generado como consecuencia un cambio en el estatuto del texto literario, tanto en las puestas en escena como en las publicaciones en papel. A partir del ejemplo de la reciente traducción de la trilogía Sad Face, Happy Face del belga Jan Lauwers (Needcompany), publicada por la Editorial de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina), analizaremos de qué manera este giro pictórico ha significado una modificación en el modo de escribir, y, por tanto, de traducir este tipo de dramaturgia, que ahora presenta una fuerte impronta de la cultura medial y audiovisual. Se trata de un tipo de texto que observamos tanto en Europa como en Latinoamérica, en el que la puesta en página ha adquirido una gran relevancia y en el que se obtiene una composición en la que confluyen aspectos visuales, poéticos, pero recuperando a su vez un elemento narrativo
Modeling nitric oxide production and transport in the human lung
No full textLe travail présenté ici porte sur l’étude de la production et du transport du monoxyde d’azote (NO) dans le poumon humain. Le NO est une molécule dont l’implication dans des processus physiologiques n’a été mis en évidence qu’en 1987. Depuis, il a été démontré que le NO joue de nombreux rôles dans le corps humain. Le NO est un gaz labile (instable) dans les conditions physiologiques, il diffuse très facilement au travers des parois et il a une grande affinité pour l’hémoglobine. La production du NO est liée à 3 isoformes différentes de la protéine appelées synthases du NO ou NO synthases.<p>\Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation physiqueinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Apport de la tomodensitométrie à la détection précoce du cancer pulmonaire associé à la bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive: Étude rétrospective monocentrique
No full textObjective: To explore the possible benefit of detecting lung cancer in COPD patients and to assess the pulmonologist's compliance with the Fleischner Society guidelines for management of pulmonary nodules. Methods: This monocentric retrospective study was approved by the institutional ethical Committee. Patients with COPD undergoing a CT scan between January 2010 and March 2017 were included. Depending on CT indication (respectively screening or other indications), patients were divided into Group 1 and 2. Follow-up intervals were compared to those recommended in the Fleischner Society guidelines. Data were compared between groups using Chisquared test, Student test, or Wilcoxon test when appropriate. Results: 254 patients were included (134 in Group 1 and 120 in Group 2). 235 opacities were found in 119 patients (47 %). 13 among 254 patients had a lung cancer; 9 in Group 1 (6.7 %) and 4 in Group 2 (3.3 %). The median follow-up by CT after nodule detection was six months regardless of their diameter or attenuation. No statistical significance was found between the observed follow-up and recommendations (P = 0.058). Conclusion: COPD in patients with a history of smoking is associated with a higher CT detection rate of lung cancer. This finding may be useful when evaluating selection criteria in lung screening programs. In contrast with the recommendations, CT detected nodules are followed-up regardless of their diameter and attenuation.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Effect of airways constriction on exhaled nitric oxide.
No full textWhile airway constriction has been shown to affect exhaled nitric oxide (NO), the mechanisms and location of constricted airways most likely to affect exhaled NO remain obscure. We studied the effects of histamine-induced airway constriction and ventilation heterogeneity on exhaled NO at 50 ml/s (Fe(NO,50)) and combined this with model simulations of Fe(NO,50) changes due to constriction of airways at various depths of the lung model. In 20 normal subjects, histamine induced a 26 +/- 15(SD)% Fe(NO,50) decrease, a 9 +/- 6% forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) decrease, a 19 +/- 9% mean forced midexpiratory flow between 25% and 75% forced vital capacity (FEF(25-75)) decrease, and a 94 +/- 119% increase in conductive ventilation heterogeneity. There was a significant correlation of Fe(NO,50) decrease with FEF(25-75) decrease (P = 0.006) but not with FEV(1) decrease or with increased ventilation heterogeneity. Simulations confirmed the negligible effect of ventilation heterogeneity on Fe(NO,50) and showed that the histamine-induced Fe(NO,50) decrease was due to constriction, with associated reduction in NO flux, of airways located proximal to generation 15. The model also indicated that the most marked effect of airways constriction on Fe(NO,50) is situated in generations 10-15 and that airway constriction beyond generation 15 markedly increases Fe(NO,50) due to interference with the NO backdiffusion effect. These mechanical factors should be considered when interpreting exhaled NO in lung disease.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Sputum induction elicits different peripheral airways responses in healthy subjects, asthma and allergic rhinitis patients
No full textBackground: Induced sputum (IS) is considered as the gold standard non invasive technique to assess airway inflammation. So far, the impact of the procedure on peripheral airways function is unknown.Aim: to assess whether IS procedure is associated with airways alterations using both ventilation distribution test (single-breathwashout, SBWO) and exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) as markers of peripheral airway impairment.Methods: We measured, before and after 20' of induction with hypertonic saline, FEV1, FENO and the phase III slope (S) of the SBWO, using gases with different diffusivities, helium (He) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), in 17 asthma patients, 10 rhinitis subjects and 13 healthy subjects.Results: After nebulisation, all changes (Δ in %baseline) were significant except for FEV1 in healthy subjects. ΔSHe >ΔSSF6 in rhinitis (+184±198 vs 123±123%; p=0.008) and in asthma (+92±55 vs +49±36%; p=0.016) whereas ΔSHe = ΔSSF6 in healthy subjects (83±70 vs 100±80%; p=0.953). ΔFENO is larger in rhinitis (-56±14%, p=0.006) and in asthma (-56%±11%, p=0.001) than in healthy subjects (-36±13%). ΔFEV1 is greater in asthma patients (-19±14%) than in rhinitis (-6±3%, p=0.005) and in normal subjects (-6±9%; p=0.039).Discussion: SI resulted in airway alterations in the 3 subjects categories. However, the impairment location appears to be different: proximal and up to lung periphery in asthma while restricted mostly to small airways in healthy and allergic subjects.Conclusion: SI impacts peripheral airways in all subjects tested in this study. However, asthma patients differ from all other subjects by an additional response in more proximal airways.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
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