1,720,969 research outputs found
Studio, lavoro e disuguaglianza nell'Università italiana
No full textPrevious research on Italian higher education showed that social origin affected students' academic progression and results in the 20th century. In this paper we examine the role of student employment - i.e. working during university - in the reproduction of social inequality in academic outcomes. In the first part, we review previous research results in the US, UK and Italy and discuss several competing hypotheses. In the second part, we use data from the Italian Longitudinal Household Survey (ILFI) to study a) the relation between student employment and academic outcomes; b) the relation between social origin and student employment, and c) the mediating effect of student employment in the relation between social origin and academic outcomes. Bivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression models show that full-time students are more likely to graduate on time than working-students, but only high-intensity work has a detrimental effect on dropping out. Social origin affects the probability of being a high-intensity worker, but not the likelihood of being a low-intensity worker. Finally, results from a non-linear decomposition analysis suggest that the overall role of student employment in the reproduction of inequality in higher education is low, while the most important variable is the type of highschool attended (especially lyceum vs non-academic)
Differentiated Trends in Student Access and Performance during the “Bologna Process”. The Case of Universities in Milan
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to examine trends in student access and performance at university during the implementation of the “Bologna Process”. We focus on the universities in Milan in order to assess whether and to what extent institutions with different characteristics experienced differentiated changes in both first-year students composition and performance. The analysis of administrative data suggests that the reform favored a growth of enrolments and an heterogeneous change in student characteristics. Public and large universities attracted mainly students with a weaker school background, while in the private and more prestigious universities the proportion of new entrants from the secondary academic track did not decrease at all. Furthermore, there has been an overall improvement in student performance (early drop-out and exams inactivity) and a reduction of its heterogeneity across universities. Further research should address whether this is due to organizational improvements or simply reflects a lowering of academic standards
Changing Education Policies. Italian and European Issues. Editorial
No full textThis special issue of the Italian Journal of Sociology of Education grew out of a conference on the ‘Changing Education Policies in Italy’ held at the University of Naples Federico II in February 2010. Organised by the Educational Section of the Italian Sociological Association (AIS-EDU) and the Faculty of Sociology, the conference was sponsored by Campania Region. It was the occasion for many contributors to discuss the shifting scenarios and the main changes in the Italian education system and to share generative insights emerging from the comparison of the Italian education policy trajectories with those of other European countries such as England, Spain and Germany
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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