947 research outputs found
Kristel Proost, Conceptual Structure in Lexical Items
No full textThe book is 304 pages long, including appendices (76 pages), a 6-page list of references and two indexes (author/subject and verbs/phrasemes discussed), and is the published version of a PhD thesis submitted in 2005 at the University of Mannheim, Germany. In the Introductory chapter, Proost briefly presents the main research topic and the terminology used. The study is concerned with the lexicalisation – or non-lexicalisation – of concepts of verbal communication. The originality of the appro..
The role of (green) hydrogen in the energy transition
No full textThis document has been prepared upon request after the invited presentation given by Prof. Joris Proost on May 20 2021 before the expert committee 9576 of the Belgian Superior Health Council (HGR/CSS) on the role of (green) hydrogen in the energy transition. It is largely based on the seminal reports The Future of Hydrogen and the 2020 Energy Technology Perspectives, published by the International Energy Agency (and publicly available at https://www.iea.org/fuels-andtechnologies/ hydrogen), and to which Prof. Proost has been invited to serve as peer reviewer. The presentation covered 3 main topics. It first set the general scene on why and how hydrogen can be expected to contribute to the energy transition. It then elaborated on the expected quantities (in Mton/year) that this contribution will require, both worldwide and specifically for Belgium, with a specific attention on the critical role of the available renewable energy sources needed to produce green hydrogen from water electrolysis. Finally, it provided some insights into the economics of green hydrogen production, both in terms of price-determining factors (in €/kg) and the underlying economy of scale (in €/kW). This report and its content is as such not confidential, but cannot be diffused, used or reproduced (even not partly) without the explicit authorisation of the author
The Cost Effectiveness of Environmental Policy Instruments in the Presence of Imperfect Compliance
No full textWe aim to integrate information, monitoring and enforcement costs into the choice of environmental policy instruments. We use a static partial equilibrium framework to study different combinations of regulatory instruments (taxes, standards…) and enforcement instruments (criminal fine, administrative fine…). The firms’ compliance decisions depend on the instrument combination selected by the government. The model is used to compare the welfare effects of different instrument combinations for the textile industry in Flanders. We find that administrative, implementation, enforcement and monitoring costs are important to decide on the necessity of an environmental policy. Moreover, we show that emission taxes are not necessarily the most cost-effective instrument. This result holds even if we include industry heterogeneity. The decision of whether to pursue an environmental policy or not depends crucially on the formulation of an appropriate monitoring and enforcement policy.K32 Environmental Law, K42 Illegal behaviour and enforcement of law, Q28 Government policy
Race to the top in traffic calming
No full text© 2015 The Author(s). Papers in Regional Science © 2015 RSAI We study the competition of two suburbs facing transit traffic flows. The suburbs are substitutes for transit traffic. In the absence of toll measures, the symmetric Nash equilibrium with two local governments leads to a race to the top in traffic calming measures that increases the cost of travel. The Nash equilibrium is compared to two types of centralized decisions: the symmetric solution and the asymmetric solution. The asymmetric solution that concentrates all transit traffic in one suburb is better but can only be realized if the authority over the local roads is transferred to the central authority.sponsorship: We would like to thank Joel Franklin for helpful discussions and Stef Proost thanks the EIB project and OT - KULeuven project for financial support. (EIB project, OT - KULeuven project)status: Publishe
Geometric mean (95% CI) of stimulated <i>in vitro</i> cytokine concentrations in pg/ml.
No full text(DOCX)</p
The LD78-beta isoform of MIP-1alfa is the most potent CC-chemokine in inhibiting CCR5-dependent HIV-1 replication in human macrophages
No full textThe Relative Efficiency of Market-based Environmental Policy Instruments with Imperfect Compliance
No full textThis paper examines to what extent incomplete compliance of environmental regulation mitigates the distortions caused by pre-existing labour taxes. We study the relative cost efficiency of three market-based instruments: emission taxes, tradable permits and output taxes. In a first-best setting and given that monitoring and enforcement is costless, we find that the same utility levels can be reached with and without incomplete compliance. However, allowing for violations makes the policy instruments less effective. The nominal tax rate needs to be higher or the number of permits issued smaller, in order to obtain the required emission reduction. Including monitoring and enforcement aspects, and more specifically fines, into the model in a second-best setting, provides us with a new means of collecting tax revenues and of lessening existing tax distortions. We show that the relative position of grandfathered tradable permits vis-à-vis emission taxes improves considerably when allowing for incomplete compliance in a second-best settingEnvironmental policy, instrument choice, monitoring and enforcement
Trip chaining: who wins who loses?
No full textIn this paper we study how trip chaining affects the pricing and equilibrium number of firms. We use a monopolistic competition model where firms offer differentiated products as well as differentiated jobs to households who are all located at some distance from the firms. Trip chaining means that shopping and commuting can be combined in one trip. The symmetric equilibriums with and without the option of trip chaining are compared. We show analytically that introducing the trip chaining option can, in the short run, only decrease the profit margin of the firms and will increase welfare. The welfare gains are however smaller than the transport cost savings. In the long run, with free entry, the number of firms decreases but welfare with trip chaining possible is still higher than when it is excluded. A numerical illustration gives orders of magnitude of the different effects.trip chaining, discrete choice model, general equilibrium model, imperfect competition, wage competition.
The interactin between tolls and capacity investment in serial and parallel transport networks
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to compare the interaction between pricing and capacity decisions on simple serial and parallel transport networks. When individual links of the network are operated by different regional or national authorities, toll and capacity competition is likely to result. Moreover, the problem is potentially complicated by the presence of both local and transit demand on each link of the network. We bring together and extend the recent literature on the topic and, using both theory and numerical simulation techniques, provide a careful comparison of toll and capacity interaction on serial and parallel network structures. First, we show that there is more tax exporting in serial transport corridors than on competing parallel road networks. Second, the inability to toll transit has quite dramatic negative welfare effects on parallel networks. On the contrary, in serial transport corridors it may actually be undesirable to allow the tolling of transit at all. Third, if the links are exclusively used by transit transport, toll and capacity decisions are independent in serial networks. This does not generally hold in the presence of local transport. Moreover, it contrasts with a parallel setting where regional authorities compete for transit; in that case, regional investment in capacity leads to lower Nash equilibrium tolls.congestion pricing, transport investment, transit traffic
- …
